Negligence in Midwifery

Negligence in Midwifery Christine Borg After a spontaneous vaginal delivery a woman suffered a severe haemorrhage leading to hypovolaeima and severe adult respiratory distress. She was admitted to an Intensive Care Unit but had recurrent bleeding, than collapsed. After resuscitation in theatre, a substantial piece of placental tissue was removed under general anaesthesia. Upon routine checking the staff midwife was initially doubtful about the placenta, but then she documented that the placenta was complete. Discuss. Introduction A practising registered midwife is an accountable person who ensures that health and safety laws are implemented in her care provided (Dimond, 2002 pg.312). The registered midwife puts into priority the safety of the mother and her baby. The competent midwife is knowledgeable, understanding, skilled, and accountable. Unfortunately any behaviour that the research based professional carries out or fails to carry out, that result in harm to the mother or the child will have legal implications (Dimond, 2002). Postpartum haemorrhage Uncontrolled bleeding of more than 500mls from the women’s genital tract, at any time following delivery to 12 weeks postpartum is described as postpartum haemorrhage (Williams, 2011 pg.113). Blood lost can be either evident or concealed, resulting in shock (Tiran, 2012). Postpartum haemorrhage is the most common cause of maternal death occurring worldwide (Fraser Cooper, 2009). Optimum management of the third and fourth stage of labour is a matter of great concern towards preserving maternal health. Postpartum haemorrhage is most often a case of inappropriate management of the third stage of labour, along with an unprofessional inspection of the placenta (Fraser Cooper, 2009). Examination of the placenta Inspection of the placenta is a practical examination done in the labouring room by a fully qualified midwife. This exam includes the assessment of both the fetal and maternal membranes. Evaluation of the placenta is part of the duty of care of the midwife in the first hour following birth. On the delivery of the placenta, either by expectant or active management of the third stage, the midwife holds up the placenta from the umbilical cord with the fetal surfaces being examined first. The membranes are examined for integrity, completeness and any present abnormalities. Membranes; the amnion and the chorion should be made sure to be present and complete (De Kock, 2004). This assessment is usually done in the presence of the mother. The maternal surface is examined for completeness, so as to make sure that no cotyledons have been left inside the uterus. If a cotyledon is found to be missing, or if the midwife is uncertain with regards to placental findings, help from other health professionals should be sought and the placenta kept for further examination. Of utmost importance is to include the mother in the examination, describing reasons for the examination procedure, while explaining the possible risks of an incomplete placenta (De Kock, 2004). Women’s right for information The mother has the right to be informed of both the normal and abnormal findings. Communication is a necessary tool in midwifery. While being close to the woman, the midwife should have explained the situation and kept the mother calm, while talking her through the necessary procedures that were to take place (ICM, 2011) The midwife The title ‘midwife’ can only be used by the ’’person who has successfully completed a midwifery educational programme, that is duly recognized in the country where it is located and that is based on the ICM Essential Competencies for Basic Midwifery Practice and the framework of ICM Global Standards for Midwifery Education : who has acquired the requisite qualifications to be registered and/or legally licensed to practice midwifery and use the title ‘midwife’; and who demonstrates competency in the practice of midwifery’’ (Midwives code of practice, 2005). The core competencies of the midwife The midwife is fit to practise if she has the necessary knowledge and skills, has a good professional behaviour, character and a good health status, meeting the standards and competencies required (ICM, 2011). Competencies are set up as a guide for midwives to fulfil their profession. The guidelines provided by the code of practise in midwifery, aims to put in priority the safety of the mother and the child. The competencies of the expert of normality include her ability to work with the women and provide constant care and support. Being competent means, that a high quality care and a cultural sensitive assistance is given to the mother during birth. Such event is the monitoring of the fetal and maternal wellbeing and providing the assistance towards performing a safe birth. The midwife must be aware of the possible risks occurring during labour being able to observe, recognize and act when warning signs present (ICM, 2011). Being competent and accountable- the case scenario The skills and abilities allow the midwife to inspect the placenta for integrity and completeness, however, in such a case as described above, having a midwife not sure of herself, referral to other health care professionals should have been considered while assisting the latter if possible. Having the mother notified of the findings and given consent with relation to the procedures that needed to take place, appropriate analgesia should have been administered. Once the doctor confirms that a part of the placenta is missing, a vaginal exam followed by an examination of the uterus under sterile conditions is usually performed. Should the midwife acted as a responsible professional, she must have been in control to take the necessary urgent measures if help from other health professionals was not accessible, keeping in mind the risk against the benefits. In such a case the priority of the midwife should have been managing postpartum bleeding so as to avoid the incidence of haemorrhage (ICM, 2011). The skills and abilities of the midwife allow her to perform a fundal massage in order to stimulate a contraction and help any remaining clots left in the uterine or vaginal cavity to be delivered (De Kock, 2004). Of utmost importance in the delivering the appropriate care, was the monitoring and estimation of the maternal blood loss. Oxytocic drugs should have been administered while regularly assessing vital signs of the mother, in addition to the recording of concise and accurate data of the events (ICM, 2011). In such a case were haemorrhage occurred, lifesaving drugs could have been administered to the woman in order for shock and respiratory distress to be avoided. The midwife shall have the skill to identify shock and be able to manage it. An intravenous line should have been inserted in such case and while administering the appropriate fluids and drugs, drawing of blood for laboratory testing could have been made possible. The woman with serious complication needed to be transferred to a higher level of care so as for emergency care to be given as required. In extreme cases the midwife must be able to perform cardio pulmonary resuscitation (De Kock, 2004). Furthermore, following such care, the midwife must have given great importance to the postnatal period of the woman. Observations of the woman’s progress and monitoring of the vital signs should have taken place (ICM, 2011). Record Keeping- A professional tool Accurate documentation of the process of labour and birth is a responsible role of the midwife. Appropriate written information about the progress of labour and the on-going care provided during this experience, gives out relative information about the mother and the fetal well-being during the birth events. The midwife must ensure that all the records are filled appropriately before transferring the woman to the future health care professionals (De Kock, 2004). The purpose of documentation is to provide a written evidence of events as they take place (Dimond, 2002). Appropriate written communication in the event of labour shall be factual, well dictated, concise, consistent, accurate, clear, legible, relevant and signed. Writing shall include detailed information of the care provided, the plan, actions, observations and the events occurring during labour (Dimond, 2002) All the information being documented is to be written as a contemporaneous manner of events. Documenting childbirth is a description of the birthing process. Relative information shall include data of the estimated blood loss during labour, the findings from the placenta examination as well as the results of the mother’s vital signs, whenever taken during the mother’s stay. Assessment of the perineum and vagina along with identification of necessary repairs, type and quantity of sutures required should also be noted (Dimond, 2002). The midwife must preserve all information recorded. Keeping all the records provides guidance to the health professional (Dimond, 2002). Documentation is a tool in the experts practise and it shall be considered as an essential part of care and not as additional to the care offered (Dimond, 2002) When writing out records one is to eliminate abbreviations and write in a manner that is easily understood by others. Records shall be clear so as to serve as a tool to facilitate an investigation. If any mistake is present in the recording of information, this should be corrected by cutting out neatly the mistake, while making sure that a signature and a date is presented. All information recorded by students is to be seen and signed by the midwife assigned. Information is to be written in a consecutive manner, having problems arising during the birth identified, and the actions and plans noted (Dimond, 2002). Regular training on documentation shall be proposed especially in situations where pressure is present especially at the time of the delivery where time is limited and record keeping is given a low priority. Written information shall reflect a clear evidence of the care being constantly provided to the mother and the baby (Dimond, 2002) ‘’A record becomes a legal document whenever it is required as an evidence of events occurred and is relevant in a court of law’’ (Dimond, 2002). Tools of documentation are necessary in the court of law, as although they are not always a proof of truth; records are an instrument of evidence and are tool for criticism by the judge. All written records are to be accurately dated timed, and signed. Negligence ‘Negligence may be best defined as actionable harm where a patient claims compensation caused by the carelessness of a midwife in breach of their duty of care’’ (Griffith, 2008). Negligence is the failure to take care of someone or something. This is the most brought up action in health services for compensation (Dimond, 2002 pg.182). Compensation can only be given when the midwife infracted the law in her duty of care, when harm has been recognised, or in the presence of a negative result that had been led to by the disrupted duty of care. The midwife has the responsibility of the duty of care towards all her clients. The duty of care involves: caring safely for the women and family, being able to communicate effectively, sharing evidence based information, giving advice, notifying the women of risks and acting in a way to promote health (Dimond, 2002 pg.184). The duty of care does not only relate to the care and treatment, but includes also the act of recording factual information and storing records. Duty of care involves all actions and activities that ensure safety. The midwife must aim to avoid acts that put the person at risk of harm. The person described is one who is directly affected by the midwife act. The aim is to have a positive effect on the mother, new-born, family and the overall experience (Dimond, 2002 pg.185). When a midwife is found guilty of putting the mother close to death a custodial sentence is most likely to be received by midwife (Griffith, 2010). Legislation of care This case scenario is a typical example of a dispute in the legal duty of care. In this case the midwife must have first understood the present standards of care (Dimond, 2002). The midwife described here has failed to understand and follow the protocols, guidelines and procedures drawn up nationally and locally. The midwife has also failed to understand the importance of accurate record keeping. The midwife is challenged on her inappropriate actions. Her records, if written precisely can also aid in defending her actions (Griffith, 2010). As a general rule, midwives who are not certain about the changing and revised standards of care, being practised in the area, are to make sure that all necessary information is gathered, understood and followed, so as to enhance safety in the care given to the mother and the family (Griffith, 2008). All midwives are responsible to obey to all policies. Trained and competent midwives are trusted and the element of trust in a qualified midwife reflects her level of competencies (Dimond, 2002). The government aims to increase the standard of the registered professionals and makes sure that all practioners listed on the registration list are safe and protective towards the public. Legislation aims to protect the mothers from dangerous professional staff. When a professional staff identifies that she has made a mistake, she shall not be complacent. It is the role of the midwife to communicate effectively with the woman and give all the acknowledgment, explanations and apologies, so as to act in the best way to correct her behaviour towards safeguarding the women and her family (Dimond, 2002 pg. 220). Although health professionals are to be knowledgeable and assertive, being over confident with their behaviour might put the mother and child at risk. With regard to this case scenario, having the midwife not seeking help from other professionals signifies, that her over confidence has led her to reduce the quality of care provided. Furthermore, a competent midwife would not only make sure that the placenta is examined correctly, but would also ensure that the placenta is examined in the presence of the mother, having findings continuously being communicated and explained. Any competent assessment of the risk would have to take in account the post birth vital signs of the women. The midwife’s failure to document correctly, take action and evaluate the mother’s vital signs was a direct cause towards the deterioration of the mother (Dimond, 2002). Conclusion The professional care provided by the midwife should be based on research and be within the law. As the claims for compensation continue to rise, the need for midwives to understand and reflect on the cases of negligence is important; so as to minimize the risk of negligence and increase the levels of standards of care (Dimond, 2002 pg.226). It is the midwives’ duty to understand the elements of negligence and take care of their actions and behaviours. A holistic approach of care provided by the midwife includes ’’leadership; clinical knowledge and skills; documentation; guideline development; risk management and debrief; audit; and education’’ (De Kock, 2004). References The core competencies for basic midwifery practice. (2002). Journal of Midwifery and Womens Health, 47(5), 403-404-406. De Kock, J. (2004). Second and third stages of labour. In J. De Kock, C. Van der Walt (Eds.), Maternal and newborn care: A complete guide for midwives and other health professionals (1st ed., pp. 14-1-14-7). Lansdowne: Juta and Company. Dimond, B. (Ed.). (2002). Legal aspects of midwifery (2nd ed.). China: Elsevier Science Limited. Fraser, D. M., Cooper, M. A. (Eds.). (2009). Myles textbook for midwives (15th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. Griffith, R. (2008). Negligence and the standard of midwifery practice. British Journal of Midwifery, 16(10), 676-677. Griffith, R. (2010). Understanding negligence as a crime in midwifery. British Journal of Midwifery, 18(7), 449-450. International Confederation of Midwives. (2011). Essential competencies for basic midwifery practice 2010. (). International confideration of midwives. (2015). Retrieved from http://www.internationalmidwives.org/ Medfort, J., Battersby, S., Evan, M., Marsh, B., Walker, A. (Eds.). (2011). Oxford handbook of midwifery (2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. Midwives code of practice. (2005, July). Retrieved from https://ehealth.gov.mt/download.aspx?id=908 Tiran, D. (Ed.). (2012). Baillieres midwives dictionary (12th ed.). London: Elsevier.

Tuesdays with Morrie TEST Prep

Why does Mitch feel guilty about his brother, Peter? A. He wasn't there for him when he was dying. B. Peter had cancer, but Mitch thought he should've been the one to get cancer. C. Mitch was Jealous of Peter. D. Mitch stole something from him before he died. 2. Why does Memoir feel it is important to accept our death early in life? A. So we can appreciate life and our loved ones B. So we can live life to the fullest C. It will minimize having regrets in life D. All of the above 3.During Match's first visit with Memoir, What does he realize about his own life? A. He's too caught up in work and making money. B. Memoir wasn't a good influence on him. C. He is enjoying life and doesn't like to work. D. He shouldn't concern himself on everything 4. What does Memoir mean by the quote, â€Å"love each other or die†? A. In life it helps if you love someone. B. Memoir would be dead with his wife. C. If we do not have love, we have nothing D. Love isn't important. 5. What does the pink hibiscus plant symbolize? A. The natural human life cycle B. Morris's diseaseC. Match's life D. Eve's death 6. What does Memoir tell Mitch it is K to do? A. Cry B. Eat dinner without him C. Leave early D. Stay late 7. Why did it bother Memoir that one day someone else would have to wipe his behind? A. Because it made him sick B. He saw it as a sign of weakness C. He saw it as the ultimate sign of dependency D. Because it smells 8. In â€Å"Tuesdays with Memoir†, who was Morris's first interview with? A. Katie Court B. Barbara Walters C. Ted Copper D. Hugh Downs 9. In â€Å"Tuesdays with Memoir,† what did Mitch think he would die of? A. CancerB. Loneliness C. ALLS D. Heart disease 10. What condition did Memoir have? B. Heart disease D. A stroke 11 . How did Memoir entertain visitors? A. By sitting outside B. Leading discussion groups on dying C. Looking at old photos D. Reading through books 12. What was Morris's favorite thing to do? A. Going to the movies B. Dancing C. Puzzles D. Writing novels 13. What instrument did Mitch play? A. Guitar B. Violin C. Tuba D. Piano 14. What were the words used by Memoir some mornings, when he felt bitter and angry? A. I want to live B. My life is done already C.Why do I bother trying D. I'm giving up today 15. How would you describe Memoir? A. Strong B. Reluctant C. Bitter D. Mean 16. This story would be considered a A. Autobiography B. Biography C. Short-story D. Narrative 17. What were Match's overwhelming desires for Memoir during his college years? A. Hug him B. Get out of his class C. Give him a napkin D. Both a and b 18. Who was the first person to ever interview Memoir? A. Ted Copper B. A Boston Globe Reporter C. Michelle D. Morris's Close Friend 19. How many â€Å"aphorisms† did Memoir have? A. 50+ B. 100+ c. 90 D. 78 20.What character trait would most fit Michelle? A. Hard-working B. Determined C. Lazy D. Ambitious 21 . Who was asked to watch over someone's kids? A. A cousin B. Memoir C. The un cle D. Michelle 22. What university did Memoir teach at? A. Stanford B. Brandeis C. Princeton D. Berkeley 23. In what month did Memoir die? A. December B. November C. October D. January 24. What allowed Mitch to spend time with Memoir? A. He got ALLS B. A new Job C. A newspaper strike D. He was fired 25. What item did Mitch give to Memoir at his college graduation? A. A book B. A picture of them togetherC. Food D. A briefcase 26. What college subject did Memoir teach? A. Sociology B. Global Studies C. Veterinary D. Philosophy 27. What newspaper did Memoir work for? A. Detroit Free Press B. Memoir didn't work for a newspaper C. Nightline D. Michigan Times 28. Memoir appeared on what TV show? A. 60 Minutes B. Nightline C. The Collect Report D. The Ted Copper Show 29. What was Morris's father's, Charlie, occupation? A. Newspaper writer B. Architect C. Waiter D. Factory worker 30. If Memoir could be reincarnated into any animal of choice, his choice would be A. Fish B. HyenaC. Gazelle D . Crane 31 . What was Morris's final course about? A. How to Dance B. Political Science C. Acceptance of Following Whatever Culture Tells You D. The Meaning of Life 32. Eva was A. Morris's mother B. Match's step-mother C. Morris's step-mother D. Match's uncle Part B: True/False 33. The book reflected from present to past. A. True B. False 34. Everything Memoir did made him cry. 35. Memoir wanted pity from his friends and family. 36. Memoir and Michelle called each other â€Å"Tuesday People† because they always met on Tuesdays during Michelle college years. 37.Michelle didn't feel sorry for Memoir. 38. Michelle called Memoir â€Å"coach† as a nickname. 39. Memoir was okay with his professor/friend dying? 40. Memoir always showed great passion when explaining how to face the end of life. 41 . Michelle was influenced a lot by Memoir. Part C: Short Answers 42. Describe your overall opinion and or view of how Memoir accepted his diagnosis. Use at least 3 examples from the story. 43. Would you have the strength and mind to live the same way as Memoir did? 44. Would you describe Memoir as weak or strong about his situation? Why or why not? Explain.

Of mice and men theme power Essay

By examining the relationship between the protagonist geroge and lennie , and the relationship between curly and his wife, this response will attempt to argue that indeed the only power others have over us , is the power we give them. this response will also attempt to examine techniques and description to make and shape meaning in the world of this novel. How Power is Presented in Of Mice and Men The theme of power in Of Mice and Men is presented by Steinbeck in a variety of ways, including characterisation, dialogue and imagery. The main themes of power in the novella include physical power, seduction and the power of hierarchy. The theme of physical power is mainly represented through the character Lennie. The power of seduction is shown through Curley’s wife. Whereas the power of hierarchy is portrayed through the Boss, Slim and Curly. In the novella Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck presents physical power through the character Lennie Small. Lennie is a huge character, with immense physical strength. We can deduce this, from the opening description â€Å"A huge man† . The description here has foreshadowed Lennie’s physical stature and strength. His physical power, is a recurring theme throughout the novella. It is again shown, when George talks to Slim about his previous life with Lennie, â€Å"coulda bust every bone in my body†. Here through the use of dialogue, the reader is shown the physical power Lennie has over George. It is ironic, that even though Lennie has the advantage of physical power. George is the more dominant one. We can see this, by the way George reprimands Lennie for disobeying instructions, â€Å"you wasn’t gonna say a word†. This dialogue, foreshadows Lennie’s lack of mental power, to follow George’s instructions. Curley, The Boss and George are all connected because they have power over someone. In the Novella, The boss is in control of everything. Also he answers to no one. â€Å"Hey, what’s your stake in this guy†. This dialogue is between George and The Boss, he is questioning George on his power over Lennie. This quote shows that he can control who works for him and who doesn’t. He can fire someone just be cause he doesn’t  like them.

Strengths And Limitations Of Qualitative Research

Introduction Research is crucial to understand various issues and in order to resolve them. It can be done either quantitatively or qualitatively depending on the type of research paradigm and the requirements of the researcher. Qualitative research particularly doesn’t involve numerical data but studies and collects data in an empirical form. Kerlinger’s view (1966) completely rejected the idea of qualitative research whereas Campbell’s idea (Mile Huberman, 1994) stated all research has a qualitative basis. However, it becomes important to be aware of the major advantages and disadvantages of qualitative research in order to answer the research question thoroughly. My concern in this essay is to critically assess the strengths and the†¦show more content†¦The data was collected using semi-structured informal interviews and showed considerable variation in the women’s approach to answer some of the questions. Hence, it reveals that some women like to discuss their viewpoints among themselves which could not have been known through numerical data. Qualitative research makes use of rigorous procedures and multiple methods for data collection which make the data real, rich and deep (Cohen, 2007). Moreover, qualitative analysis rigorously focuses on the functioning of the social processes. It investigates individual experiences and helps to build a detailed account of people’s feelings and why they act in a particular way. Most of the research done focuses on psychology individuals rather than their social processes which is a major limitation of quantitative research, overcome by qualitative research. This was clearly visible in a study (Riley, 1983) where she predicted that most of the developmental psychology treats mothers and infants as if they are on a â€Å"desert island† and are not in touch with daily real-life problems. Relating to this study, Walkerdine and Lucey (1989) clearly showed in their study that everyday concerns are essential in influencing a mother’s and her four-year-old daughterâ€℠¢s conversation. In a longitudinal study, Discourse analysis has particularly beenShow MoreRelatedEssay On Risk Assessment1649 Words   |  7 PagesTo Review the Lived Experience of Nurses, when Carrying Out Risk Assessments on Patients who have Developed a Pressure Ulcer      Future Research:   This assignment has two parts, part one reviewed pressure ulcer prevention, and the gaps that were identified were: it lacked research on pressure ulcer management, individuals did not having enough knowledge on methods to reduce pressure ulcers, there was a low sample size and selection and there was a gap between the risk assessment process, and pressureRead MoreExamine the Fields of Qualitative and Quantitative Research and the Advantages and Limitation of Each Paradigm.1089 Words   |  5 Pagesprobably been more energy spent on debating the difference, advantages and limitations between qualitative and quantitative research methods, it can be said that this issue has been debated to death with many spending years proving which methods is the best. 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Julian of Norwich Quotes From the English Mystic

Julian of Norwich was an English mystic and recluse whose revelations were published -- the first book written in the English language known to be by a woman. Selected Julian of Norwich Quotations †¢ All shall be well, and all shall be well, and all manner of things shall be well. Julian of Norwich on Prayer †¢ Pray inwardly, even if you do not enjoy it. It does good, though you feel nothing. Yes, even though you think you are doing nothing. †¢ ...  our customary practice of prayer was brought to mind: how through our ignorance and inexperience in the ways of love we spend so much time on petition. I saw that it is indeed more worthy of God and more truly pleasing to him that through his goodness we should pray with full confidence, and by his grace cling to him with real understanding and unshakeable love, than that we should go on making as many petitions as our souls are capable of. †¢Ã‚  Prayer is a new, gracious, lasting will of the soul united and fast-bound to the will of God by the precious and mysterious working of the Holy Ghost. †¢ Prayer is not overcoming Gods reluctance. It is laying hold of His willingness. Julian of Norwich on God and Jesus †¢ ...  God is our very Peace, and He is our sure Keeper when we are ourselves in unpeace ... †¢Ã‚  But for I am a woman should I therefore live that I should not tell you the goodness of God? †¢ Our Savior is our true Mother in whom we are endlessly born and out of whom we shall never come. †¢ Between God and the soul there is no between. †¢ The fullness of Joy is to behold God in everything. †¢Ã‚  Truth sees God, and wisdom contemplates God, and from these two comes a third, a holy and wonderful delight in God, who is love. †¢ In this blissful Shewing of our Lord, I have understanding of two contrary things: the one is the most wisdom that any creature may do in this life, the other is the most folly. The most wisdom is for a creature to do after the will and counsel of his highest sovereign Friend. This blessed Friend is Jesus... Julian of Norwich on Adversity †¢ If there is anywhere on earth a lover of God who is always kept safe, I know nothing of it, for it was not shown to me. But this was shown: that in falling and rising again we are always kept in that same precious love. †¢ He said not Thou shalt not be tempested, thou shalt not be travailed, thou shalt not be dis-eased; but he said, Thou shalt not be overcome. †¢Ã‚  ...we need to fall, and we need to be aware of it; for if we did not fall, we should not know how weak and wretched we are of ourselves, nor should we know our Makers marvelous love so fully... Julian of Norwich on Mercy †¢Ã‚  For I beheld the property of mercy, and I beheld the property of grace: which have two manners of working in one love. Mercy is a pitiful property which belongeth to the Motherhood in tender love; and grace is a worshipful property which belongeth to the royal Lordship in the same love.   †¢Ã‚  Mercy is a sweet gracious working in love, mingled with plenteous pity: for mercy worketh in keeping us, and mercy worketh turning to us all things to good. Mercy, by love, suffereth us to fail in measure and in as much as we fail, in so much we fall; and in as much as we fall, in so much we die: for it needs must be that we die in so much as we fail of the sight and feeling of God that is our life. Our failing is dreadful, our falling is shameful, and our dying is sorrowful: but in all this the sweet eye of pity and love is lifted never off us, nor the working of mercy ceaseth. Julian of Norwich on Human Life and Human Nature †¢ The passing life of the senses doesnt lead to knowledge of what our Self is. When we clearly see what our Self is, then we shall truly know our Lord God in great joy. †¢ In every soul to be saved is a godly will that has never consented to sin, in the past or in the future. Just as there is an animal will in our lower nature that does not will what is good, so there is a godly will in our higher part, which by its basic goodness never wills what is evil, but only what is good. †¢ The greatest honor we can give Almighty God is to live gladly because of the knowledge of his love. Julian Norwich on Gods Mercy †¢ Mercy is a sweet gracious working in love, mingled with plenteous pity: for mercy worketh in keeping us, and mercy worketh turning to us all things to good. †¢ For I beheld the property of mercy, and I beheld the property of grace: which have two manners of working in one love. About These Quotes Quote collection assembled by Jone Johnson Lewis. This is an informal collection assembled over many years.

Background And Organizational Culture Of Vds Nsw - 2085 Words

In order to compete the first assessment for Communication Practice Project, which requires an investigation of a different aspect of the context of a group/organization, and identify a communication issue related to the theme of community, the organization Vietnamese Dynamic Students in New South Wales (VDS-NSW) has been chosen to examine. The president of the VDS has been interviewed to explore thoroughly VDS’s structure, activities and problems. This paper will assess the background and organizational culture of VDS-NSW and highlight the community engagement issue the organization is facing. 1. Background and description of VDS-NSW: Established in 1997, Vietnamese Dynamic Student organisation (VDS) is a non-profit and student-run organisation. VDS target is to support and provide benefits for the community of Vietnamese overseas students and alumni in New South Wales, Australia. The main aim of VDS activities is to achieve more partnership, understanding and cooperation between wider communities in Australia and Vietnam. As a part of Vietnamese community in Australia, VDS intends to serve Vietnamese overseas students and alumni in NSW as well as the Vietnamese and Australian communities. VDS attempts to build an organisation with unity and creativity of members and volunteers to supports Vietnamese overseas students and alumni community who are studying and thriving in Australia and are making positive contributions to Vietnam. Over the years, VDS has been seen as a

Identity in Virtual Communities of Practice †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Identity in Virtual Communities of Practice. Answer: Introduction The current assignment focuses upon the progress report of professional practice within a business organization. In the current study the aspect of accounting within a business organization has been taken into consideration. Based upon the efficacy and the qualifications of the employees, the productivity of an organization could be enhanced. The accounts department could be referred to as the backbone of an organization. Based upon the financial planning the optimal growth of an organization is ascertained (Howieson et al. 2014). In this respect a number of professional skills and qualifications are required to be present in an accountant. Therefore, based upon the skills and qualifications possessed by an accountant in computing and analysing the organizational data the profitability ratios of an organization are calculated and further used for future planning (Suddaby et al. 2015). For the current study, the Australia based BRIGHTON INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (BIT) has been taken into consideration, which is an AUSTRALIA, based private training organization based in Melbourne. The company offers internationally recognised diplomas across different across different occupations in a safe and sound environment (bit.edu.au 2018). I have been working as an accountant intern in the BRIGHTON INSTITUTE OF TEHCNOLOGY. Therefore, based upon my experiences of working as an accountant for the organizations I have come across a number of pros and cons. Some of these play an effective role in the professional development. The skills and the expertise required for practicing of an accountant have been evaluated over here which will help further in the development of future professional goals. In the current study, Australia based private training organization BRIOGHTON INSTITUTE OF TEHCNOLOGY has been taken into consideration. It offers training across different disciplines. The main aim of the organization is to create job ready professionals who are efficiently trained to take over duties in future prospect organizations. The organization offers range of solutions and programs at cost effective prices, which ensures that most of the job aspiring professional can afford it. The institute is situated in 380 Bourke street Melbourne and offers programs in various disciplines such as English, automotive, hospitality etc. One of the pros related to the organization is that the diploma programs offers by the organization has an international exposure which means the program certificates and degrees offered by the organization are accepted across the globe. It was started in the year 2004 and welcomes s large number of overseas or international students every year (bit.edu.au 2 018,). I worked as an accountant intern for BIT and was provided with some of the job roles such as data entry , filing, record keeping during my internship days in order to understand my job work well I had to imply a huge amount if detailing in the nitty-gritty of the job. I had to work under the guidance of my supervisor and report to him accordingly with a certain set of tasks assigned to me on a daily basis. I believe the role of the accounting division of the BIT was very tedious as huge amount of calculation and specification had to be met while compiling the data sheets for the number of admissions against the courses available in the institute. Additionally, the data entry and filing required that huge amount of focus and attention had to be given while doing the complications. It also involved keeping a record of the infrastructural and equipments supply of the organization. Therefore, based upon the data filing and the reporting further purchases for them institute was done. The accounting activities were further important in keeping the retune ion investments rolling by investing in future planning. Our work in BIT Melbourne was supervised by an instructor who would give us the data regarding the amount of investments made by the organization to the expected returns on investment. The supervisors would normally be the one with a much of knowledge in finance. If often becomes difficult to handle such large digit calculations or particularly the record keeping for which effective knowledge and exposure in required in handling similar situations. Therefore, working as an intern I lacked sufficient expertise in the handling and management of such large database. The role of a supervisor is to differentiate the tasks into priority basis using effective judgemental and decision making skills. As a financial supervisor one is expected to take monitor and approve financial processing, reporting, auditing and supervise the role and the functions played by the staff. The organization here followed a matrix structure, where the employees normally followed dual reporting relationships one would be to a functional manager and the other to product manager (Boussebaa 2015). There are two different categories of reporting lines which have been further discussed in the context of the organization. As mentioned by Brennan (2016), the type of reporting lines further decides the type of power or influenced given to a manager. For BIT a solid line reporting relationship had been followed. The solid reporting live focused upon objective setting and performance evaluation of the employees (Noordegraaf 2016). In the event of dispute the supervisor had to take charge. Therefore, much responsibility lies on the shoulders of the supervisors. As mentioned by Boussebaa (2015), the solid line roles are given to a manager who is geographically close to the individual. I have also felt during by internship in BIT that the organizational cultures play a very important role in the grooming of the employees. The organizational culture could be further described based upon a number of attributes such as reporting hierarchies, unit structure, communication mediums and intercultural issues and the availability of training and development opportunities. As mentioned by Spence et al. (2015), the culture of an organization is dependent upon the amount of scope for development it offers to its employees. The type of organizational structure followed over here is the Flatarchie. This type of model is a hybrid between hierarchical and flat organizations. The organization believes in flexibility option where it depending upon the situation and the type of activities at hand they change their reporting style (Tham et al. 2018). However as argued by West (2018), the need for flatter organizations has developed immensely in the global business world. As supported by Boussebaa (2015), a flatter structure seems to open the lines of communications between different layers in an organization which helps in trouble shooting and effective decision making. The work unit structure followed by BIT is that of a matrix organization structure. It is a hybrid of functional organization structure and projectized organization structure. As mentioned by Lupu and Empson (2015), the matrix organization structure follows a two command structure vertical and horizontal. Here, the employee can work on individual projects even after being part of a functional group. Since BIT is an educational and training institute running a range of complex and exclusive programs for students all across the world. Therefore, it needs to communicate across different media and channels. Some of these are face to face communication, social media communication and one way audio video communication (Tseng et al. 2014). The BIT mainly stresses upon face to face communication across its various departments. As commented by Crystal (2017), the face to face communication modes are considered to be one of the most powerful means of communicating the message across the groups. It is particularly useful when working in team. The organization also practices a two ay remote communication in dealing with some of it international clients as it has students from all across the globe. As commented by Lupu and Empson (2015), virtual business is the need of the hour which helps organization and clients communicate across huge geographical distance. Therefore, the BIT implements t he virtual communication platforms in its business setup in order to communicate across departments layers of the department. The accounting department is divided into many layers across the globe one situated in Melbourne and the rest across different geographies and territories. The organization also uses social media communication for receiving feedback across wide group of products and services (Nao 2017). One of the issues I have personally faced while doing my internship as an accountant in BIT is owing to the wide existence of intercultural issues in the organization. As mentioned by Li et al. (2016), the organization welcomes huge number of overseas students across different culture and disciplines. As mentioned by Carley and Prietula (2014), disparity in cultural faiths and beliefs can result in organizational disputes. As supported by Van der et al. (2016), the implementation of effective communication technology across different layers of a department have been seen to produce better results. Work experience As an accountant working for BIT I had been assigned a number of task responsibilities such as information collection, financial analysis, ledger entry and drafting of financial reports etc. Thus, working as an accountant I was responsible collecting financial information from a wide range of sources. One of the biggest challenges I had faced was in assembling, collating and organizing the sensitive and vital data into format to be used in financial reports. For checking the accuracy and completeness of the financial reports I had to apply generally accepted accounting principles. I was also responsible for ledger entry of the data into sophisticated software programs. Some of these programs handle crucial operations such as calculation, reconciling bank statement etc. As mentioned by Abbas and Khali (2016), the development of the software programs has lessened the problem related to calculation of huge figures. However as argued by Silva and Mousavidin (2015), it has limited the rol e of the accountants whereby grater amount of knowledge in software programs is crucial to governing success in the data filing process. I already had a set of skills from my accounting studies which helped me in performing and understanding my duties well. Some of these were strategic thinking skills which helped in understanding the organizational problems and issues. I had also been exposed to sufficient number of classes of data analytics which helped in dealing and monitoring the complex data chains generated across the semi-quarterly sessions based upon the number of admissions made in BIT. As mentioned by Rao et al. (2016), when working as part of a large organization good customer service orientation is required. Therefore, some of the strategic business management skills acquired by me during study days helped in understanding the client demands better. However, I felt I was in great need o acquiring and enhancing some of the interpersonal skills such as time management, adaptability and communication. As mentioned by Lvina et al. (2018), working between tight deadlines can often hamper the work-life balance of an employee. I often felt that I need to hone my time management skills which will help to multitask better as well as relax for the next days work. The accounting industry is very dynamic and the employees often have to work under huge pressure (Novakovich et al. 2017). Therefore, one needs to embrace the change or act as per the situation. Additionally, I think working as part of a team I also needed to hone my communication skills. This would have helped me in communicating the difference of opinions better across the team. Working as in accountant intern for BIT, I had to undergo an accounting simulation workshop. The two such aspects which were empathised upon here were learning the handling and management of accounting software and effective communication skills. Therefore, undergoing the program I realized that I was not confident as well as competent enough to handle the different accounting software. Additionally, I also felt that I lacked effective communication skills. As mentioned by Kiron et al. (2016), effective communication skills are imperative to success in a business organization. I think learning to communicate better had helped me in escalating my problems to my supervisor. The placement at BIT helped me in reshaping my career by understanding the aspects of strategic accounting skill and data analytics. As commented by Ngoo et al. (2018), the current business world is taken over by the consent of big data. Therefore, developing sufficient knowledge and concept in big data would have helped me in dealing and compiling the figures well. The placement also ensured that I had some real life exposure to accounting challenges, which would help me, better in adapting to my next placement. Therefore based upon my experience from working as an accountant for BIT I think I excelled in some of the areas whereas I lacked the specific skill sets in some. However, the organizational exposure has helped me in learning to work under strict pressure and deadlines which helped me in enhancing my productivity. Additionally, some of the skills which were particularly picked up by me during my internship were teamwork, communication skills, use of accounting software. Most of the organizations nowadays perform and work as a team. Therefore, working as a part of a team we need to communicate across clearly which also required effective negotiations skills. As mentioned by Schn (2017), each member in a team can think and decide from a different perspective. However, as supported by Plotke (2018), to decide on a common point requires us to apply the skills of strategic thinking. In my opinion, the exposure through the internship helped me in honing my skills of effective team negotiat ion. I also felt working in a team helped me in understanding my responsibilities better. The experiences gained from the simulation workshops helped me in applying them to the practical scenario. I had felt the need to develop my software skills better as I had experienced one such scenario during my internship where I felt that I could have performed much better had I learnt the software accounting skills better .A huge amount of data had to be compiled and presented to the supervisor just the next day clearly indicating of profit earned by BIT due to summer course admission. Hence, as I lacked the required expertise in using the upgraded software I failed behind my target and got reprimanded by supervisor in front of entire team the following day. The experience however made the importance of learning to use the updated accounting systems and technologies. The entire experience has been further explained with the help of STAR model which could be broken down into situation, task , action and result. Attributes Analysis Situation Internship program as an accountant in Brighton Institute of Technology Task Compilation of enrolment data along with profits earned by organization on summer diploma programs Action To compile the data using upgraded software system Result The lack of skills in the specified area and lack of effective guidance and support from supervisor and peers resulted in failure STAR analysis (Source: author) The above analysis could be further evaluated based upon a few specific points. Focussing upon the structure of the organization which followed a flatarchie structure i felt there was a need to a flatter hierarchical structure. This is because it would have helped the organization infuse better communication skills into the system. As mentioned by Lawton and Pez (2015), the cross cultural workforce of an organization often limits the free flow and exchange of valuable information. I also felt freely communicating across different layers of the department would have also helped me in honing my professional skills. However , the simulation game experiences during the internship helped me in honing my leadership and decision making skills better as I had to work as part of a team. This further helped me in learning the different aspects of applying effective judgement based upon business management parameters such as long term success and profitability of the organization. During one last experience, where I had to compile a huge amount of data using upgraded accounting software I failed badly due to the lack of skills. However, the experience helped me in understanding my professional gaps. Based upon the experience, I enrolled similar projects and coursework which would help me in recovering my professional gaps. I think I had faced additional challenges owing to language difficulty as I had to work along with multicultural team. Therefore, I often felt language constraint as communicating messages clearly across the multilingual and multicultural groups led to functional gaps. I think I contr ibuted in a positive way to the organization through my strategic thinking skills and experience of data analytics. From my study programs I had developed sufficient knowledge to get though these areas effectively and could also help my colleagues or peers. Hence, I was of much value to the organization. From the entire experience I felt the aspect of computing though changing and upgraded technologies most difficult. However, from the experience I learned some of the effective skills such as teamwork, communication and team negotiation which could further help in reshaping my career path. Conclusion The current assignment focuses on the aspect of professional practice and the various factors which guided an effective professional practice. Here, the same had been dealt with the aspect of an accounting internship in a private job training organizing. From the reflective analysis we have found that the soft skills are as important as the professional skills of accounting and should be effectively implemented in personal, professional practice. Some of the skills which have been highlighted are communication skills, team work skills, group negotiation skills. This is because large organizations are working as teams which call for sufficient exchange of valuable information and skill. Two such personl and professional skill which has been highlight diver here are communication and computing skills. Hence, effective training and development should be made a part of the program. It helps in ensuring that the employees apply both the soft skill as well as the professional skills in his workplace. The aspect of hierarchy has been further discussed over here which plays an important role in the development of the training programs. References Abbas, A.A.H. and Khali, H.H., 2016. Effect of the Empowerment Leadership's on Job Involvement Reinforcement through a Mediator Role for Strategic Thinking Skills.International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences,6(6), pp.189-220. bit.edu.au 2018, bit.edu.au , Available at : https://www.bit.edu.au/ [Accessed on 11 April 2018] Boussebaa, M., 2015. Control in the multinational enterprise: The polycentric case of global professional service firms.Journal of World Business,50(4), pp.696-703. Boussebaa, M., 2015. 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Kiron, D., Kane, G.C., Palmer, D., Phillips, A.N. and Buckley, N., 2016. Aligning the organization for its digital future.MIT Sloan Management Review,58(1), pp.56-88. Lawton, A. and Pez, I., 2015. Developing a framework for ethical leadership.Journal of Business Ethics,130(3), pp.639-649. Li, D., Yin, J., Dong, L. and Lakes, R.S., 2016. Numerical analysis on mechanical behaviors of hierarchical cellular structures with negative Poissons ratio.Smart Materials and Structures,26(2), p.025014. Lupu, I. and Empson, L., 2015. Illusio and overwork: playing the game in the accounting field.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,28(8), pp.1310-1340. Lvina, E., Johns, G. and Vandenberghe, C., 2018. Team political skill composition as a determinant of team cohesiveness and performance.Journal of management,44(3), pp.1001-1028. Nao, M., 2017. Book review: Lubie Grujicic-Alatriste (ed.), Linking Discourse Studies to Professional Practice,pp.216-254. Ngoo, Y.T., Tiong, K.M. and Pok, W.F., 2015. Bridging the gap of perceived skills between employers and accounting graduates in Malaysia.American Journal of Economics,5(2), pp.98-104. Noordegraaf, M., 2016. Reconfiguring professional work: Changing forms of professionalism in public services.Administration Society,48(7), pp.783-810. Novakovich, J., Miah, S. and Shaw, S., 2017. Designing curriculum to shape professional social media skills and identity in virtual communities of practice.Computers Education,104, pp.65-90. Plotke, D., 2018. The political mobilization of business. InThe politics of interests(pp. 175-198). Abingdon: Routledge. Rao, M.M., Sabat, R.R. and Sharma, A.V.N.L., 2016. Strategic plan for Academic excellence through Critical thinking for Curriculum Development.Journal of Engineering Education Transformations. Schn, D.A., 2017.The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. Routledge. Silva, L. and Mousavidin, E., 2015. Strategic thinking in virtual worlds: Studying World of Warcraft.Computers in Human Behavior,46, pp.168-180. Spence, C., Dambrin, C., Carter, C., Husillos, J. and Archel, P., 2015. Global ends, local means: cross-national homogeneity in professional service firms.Human Relations,68(5), pp.765-788. Suddaby, R., Saxton, G.D. and Gunz, S., 2015. Twittering change: The institutional work of domain change in accounting expertise.Accounting, Organizations and Society,45, pp.52-68. Tham, J., Duin, A.H., Gee, L., Ernst, N., Abdelqader, B. and McGrath, M., 2018. Understanding Virtual Reality: Presence, Embodiment, and Professional Practice.IEEE Transactions on Professional Communication, pp.105-154. Tseng, F.C. and Kuo, F.Y., 2014. A study of social participation and knowledge sharing in the teachers' online professional community of practice.Computers Education,72, pp.37-47. Van der Kolk, B. and Schokker, T., 2016. Strategy implementation through hierarchical couplings in a management control package: an explorative case study.Journal of Management Control,27(2-3), pp.129-154. West, A., 2018. After virtue and accounting ethics.Journal of Business Ethics,148(1), pp.21-36.