Dissertation Topics

Thesis Topics Thesis Topics Valuable Dissertation Topics IdeasWhat is the primary explanation of your having not begun to compose your exposition yet? All things considered, the fact of the matter is clear, you just can't pick among heaps of thesis themes and neglected to develop your own, unique one. Maybe the thesis points you gave to your guide were dismissed. The explanations behind this could be the following:The thesis subjects you gave were not unique. It doesn't mean, obviously, that you were going to introduce somebodys thoughts as your own, yet plainly someone has just explored the points that you may like. Your chief probably won't care for the paper points gave by you since the person in question doesn't discover them intriguing or hisher information in the field you picked isn't profound enough.Your exposition subjects are unique, however don't present veritable intrigue. That is to say, the consequences of the examination, introduced in your thesis, ought to be conceivably valuable in the field of science you work in. The thesis points you introduced are not sensible in the time accessible. Keep in mind, the smaller the theme you pick the better. The paper theme, engaging you, is new, fascinating and unique, however you won't have the option to locate the fundamental number of books, diaries and so forth to compose your exposition on it, for example you need more of material.So, the quest for a fascinating, unique point is something like a fortune chase. You can run over it during your exercises and courses or while setting you up assignments and afterward create and finish it up various books, diaries, reports and so forth. When, at long last, you are certain that you have delivered that very subject that truly offers to you, and you will have the option to compose the exposition on it inside the accessible timeframe, attempt to keep in touch with some paper points more. These subjects may cover with the one that you have by and by settled on, however remember that your man agers assessment might be somewhat not the same as yours. For this situation it is acceptable to have some 3-5 points to browse. Keep in mind, that your administrator has helped numerous understudies through their papers, and he will be your guide through all the troubles that may emerge during your work. Also, however your choice on the paper subject will be definitive, your mentor will offer you some valuable bit of guidance and will unquestionably help you when required.

Technology in Todays World

In today’s world innovation can be viewed as both extremely useful to society just as destructive. Innovation can be anyplace from accommodating to destructive, from keeping one educated about the world, progressions in the clinical field, and staying in contact with loved ones to weight, cyberbullying, and apathy. It is a piece of our day by day lives from the alerts we set in the first part of the day to sitting in front of the TV with our families toward the finish of a difficult day. Innovation can be useful in the way that our headways in it have made things significantly simpler than they would have been numerous years ago.It permits us to stay in touch with individuals that we don't get the opportunity to see each day or that live far away. I have a dear companion, in the Air Force, who is positioned in Japan for at any rate four years and on account of innovation we can stay in contact constantly, while we would not have the option to without it. Because of innovation we have satellite TVs and radios, which helps in keeping individuals educated on what is happening on the planet. Just by turning on the TV one can see the presidential discussion, get a film, or see what the temperature will be like.Because of this headway families would now be able to plunk down and partake in a film together when it is helpful. Society has additionally progressed through clinical innovation, with which we can use to keep ourselves sound and alive. Due to our progressions somebody who has malignant growth, or any incessant agony or sickness, can live longer than they may without it. [Ethos] Although innovation has been incredible with propelling the world forward, it has some significant negative impacts on the world, for example, weight and sluggishness. Individuals no longer want to leave the house to do things.Children of today’s age are confronting the developing issue of stoutness since all they need to do is sit and mess around, they don't want to go out and get work out. â€Å"According to the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), heftiness rates in youngsters under 12 rose from around 15 percent in 1999, to about 19 percent in 2004, with an anticipated 20 percent rate in 2010. The HHS concentrate on youth stoutness characterized it as at or over the 95th percentile, as per sexual orientation, on the Body Mass Index (BMI) scale† (Banks).Most individuals would concur that innovation has made us an apathetic culture today in view of the considerable number of conceivable outcomes it offers. With regards to the web most would inquire as to why perused a book when you can simply start note it and get all that you have to know? Or on the other hand why invest the energy attempting to locate a dependable source? Dennis Baron expressed that â€Å"for understudies, and progressively for all of us too, it appears that solid sources are less significant than discovering data in nanoseconds† (Baron).Society today co uldn't care less enough about creation sure things are believable, they simply need to complete it without even a moment's pause, as quick as they can. [Logos] Lastly one of the most widely recognized negative impacts of innovation is center around the more youthful age in a structure called cyberbulling. Cyberbullying gives individuals a bogus since of security permitting them to do or make statements that regularly they could never consider, as a result of the way that through the PC there is no facial confrontation.For example, half a month prior my Facebook page was hacked into, this permitted somebody to go into my record and send inconsiderate and frightful messages to my contacts, causing it to appear as though I was the one sending them. This is just a minor instance of cyberbullying yet it has been more terrible for some, different casualties causing significant discouragement and nervousness, at times even self destruction. Innovation has made this all conceivable with sim ply the snap of a button.According to a study done in 2007 by a cyberbullying research focus, of roughly 2,000 center school understudies, when inquired as to whether they had been â€Å"cyberbullied† in their whole lives, 17. 3% said â€Å"yes. † A comparative extent (17. 6%) confessed to cyberbullying others eventually in the course of their life. At long last, 12% of the example detailed being both a casualty and a domineering jerk. This is a disturbing measurement that is continually developing over the long haul, and innovation is just assisting with encouraging this issue. [Pathos and Logos] In principle innovation has both constructive and adverse angles on today’s society.Each individual has their own perspectives on the great and terrible with nobody being off-base. As a general public it is essential to consider every angle and attempt to utilize innovation for the positive advantages it has. On the off chance that we permit this, at that point we can shape innovation into something better. So thusly innovation has many negative focuses however it is vital for the development of society. Works Cited Banks, K'Lee. â€Å"Child Obesity Due to the Popularity of Game Systems. † LIVESTRONG. COM. Livestrong. com, 21 Apr. 2010. Web. 18 Oct. 2012.

Welcome Weekend 2016

Welcome Weekend 2016 Welcome Days  2016 is  upon us, and there are many essential events to remember to attend this weekend as a freshman on campus. Last year, my welcome weekend experience allowed me to feel much more comfortable on campus and gave me such a fun experience that provided many memories. I spent the whole weekend with a group of people I met at my residence hall, and it was the perfect time for me to get to know those  whom  I would go on to have friendships with for the rest of the year. On Thursday night, everything will kick off after all of the freshmen have moved into their residence halls. At 9 p.m. on Thursday, the Illini Union will be hosting a comedy show, while CRCE will be having an event called Chillax at CRCE at 10 p.m. Last year I went to the CRCE event, and there were  a ton of games, snacks, and fun that can help anyone find new people to connect with. On Friday morning, freshmen will start feeling very official as they experience Convocation. Inside Memorial Field, theyll  hear from a whole host of  alumni about their experiences at Illinois and how their lives were changed by studying here. This is honestly the most inspiring event of the weekend because it is so amazing to hear stories from people who  are passionate about what our great university has done for the world. Saturday night brings us Sights and  Sounds in Memorial Stadium. This event is like a giant pep rally that delivers in every way possible. In fact, I think it is nearly impossible to walk away from Sights and  Sounds not feeling proud to be an Illini in every possible way. The excitement of watching the band and also getting pumped by our sports coaches is quite amazing. Although each of the weekends events are great in their own way, Quad Day is very important to your success on campus throughout the semester. All of our great RSOs and clubs are at Quad Day advertising what they do and how you can get involved if you want to. Last year, I signed up for so many things that it would make your head spin! Remember to be active with RSOs, but also look out for your email inbox and be selective about what you might want to learn more about. Overall, Welcome Days  is fantastic because it gives freshmen so many positive experiences on campus. I highly advise everyone to learn more about what the  weekend has to offer. Most importantly, get excited, because all of your work has led to where you are now! Welcome Days  awaits you with many memories to come. Jacob Class of 2019 I’m an Advertising student within the College of Media. My hometown is a place called Fairmount, Illinois, which is about 30 minutes from campus. I began my Illinois journey in the Division of General Studies.

The Novel The Monomyth - 3316 Words

a. The author talks about his theories of the human culture, society and individual experience in â€Å"The Monomyth† section. Myth is a secret opening through which the inexhaustible energies of the cosmos pour into the human cultural manifestation. Apparently human beings are born too soon; we aren’t ready for the world yet. The unconscious sends all sorts of vapors, odd beings, terrors, and deluding images up into the mind—whether in dream, broad daylight, or insanity. Campbell also talked about archetypes which is the original pattern or model from which all things of the same kind are copied or on which they are based. There were illustrations referred to as dreams; an example is a man who dreamed of killing his father and taking care of his mother. At the end of this section Campbell was talking about freedom which he could be talking about the American dream and how it may have a deeper meaning. II. Tragedy and Comedy a. I like the beginning of this section which I quote: â€Å"Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.† A happy ending is just a misrepresentation for the world says Campbell. People may have a happy ending but the real ending is that we all die and become non-existence. He also talks about tragedy which describes a form of pain and fear because of the crucial truth. Comedy is a celebration of the blissful truth that exists alongside the pain. Campbell is superb in life and celebrations of love and beauty, â€Å"†¦the world singsShow MoreRelatedCeremony: A Monomyth1011 Words   |  5 Pagesresearched as a Monomyth citation included Ceremony: An Analysis of the Hero’s Journey Ceremony by Leslie Marmon Silko is about the hardships faced by Tayo, a returned Native American World War â… ¡ Veteran. Tayo struggles throughout the novel to ascertain a resolution to the internal pandemonium he experiences in the form of battle fatigue. The story exhibits the stages of the Monomyth: a protagonists quest in relation to culture and self growth. Tayo experiences all three stages of a monomyth; the departureRead MoreEssay on The Neverending Story: A Classic Novel1602 Words   |  7 PagesStory:nbsp; A Classic Novelnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; The Neverending Story by Michael Ende perfectly draws the image of a successful novel because it’s overall effect on the reader is intimate and it recognizes itself as a different novel from others especially using a metaphor of stories giving birth to other stories.nbsp; Considered as a children’s novel, it should be given a chance to prove itself in the realm of other such intelligent novels. The novel expands this idea that storiesRead MoreMarie Laure And Siddhartha1373 Words   |  6 Pagesare many novels written with different experiences included into each one making them unique, but when one breaks down the novels one can realize how there may be different adventures, but there really is only one story. Joseph Campbell’s Monomyth cycle is used to compare stories and outline how similar two different novels can be; in Hesse’s Siddhartha and Anthony Doerr’s All the Light We Cannot See, the three main stages of the monomyth cycle and different themes throughout the novel really pullRead MorePi Patel a Hero Essay688 Words   |  3 PagesNot all literature that consists of an adventure brands the protagonist as a hero; however, Yann Martell’s  Life of Picontains many patterns of a monomyth quest. The Heroic Monomyth, also known as the hero’s journey, explains the common stages of a quest in many classic stories. The novel is split into three sections, each with a specific purpose. The first section introduces the readers to the protagonist, while the second section is the actual journey he partook in. The final section is the ambiguousRead MoreAn Alternative Hero : Chinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart948 Words   |  4 Pages(Gillespie). The archetype of the monomyth, or â€Å"The Hero’s Journey† first originated from a mythological researcher named Joseph Campbell. The monomyth consists of â€Å"several basic stages that almost every hero-quest goes through, no matter what culture the myth is a part of† (Hamby). The Hero’s journey is vaguely apparent in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart, which depicts the African clan leader, Okonkwo, as the archetypal hero. Achebe reveals throughout the novel that Okonkwo’s ability to triumphantlyRead MoreThe Monomyth And Temple Pattern941 Words   |  4 PagesIn every great novel there is bound to be a tempest, the best friend, and the grand adventure in which there is bound to be a battle of some sort. The Monomyth and temple pattern has been seen throughout various movies and books around our culture. Dante’s The Divine Comedy is no exception to the pattern. Among the three compilations of Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise we, as a reader travel through the monomyth journey alongside Dante in order to reveal moral truth. From the start of Cantos in bookRead MoreThe Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown767 Words   |  3 Pages I read the novel the Da Vinci Code by Dan Brown. Mythology is incorporated throughout the entire novel. The novel is based upon a secret that has been kept for thousands of years by the Priory of Brotherhood known as the Holy Grail. Some people, depending upon their religious beliefs consider the Holy Grail a myth itself. Through this analysis, I will show how different approaches were used and how mythology is closely tied into the novel. First, the novel is a perfect example of Joseph Campbell’sRead MoreAn Analysis Of The Film Extremely Loud And Incredibly Close1221 Words   |  5 PagesThis is especially true for the protagonist in the film Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close. The protagonist in the novel is a boy named Oskar Schell and following the death of his father on 9/11 Oskar is determined to find a lock fits the key that he believes his father left for him before he died. Oskar goes on a journey throughout New York City to find this lock for the key and through this journey Oskar finds a companion, his grandfather, and what he is looking for. He goes on this journey toRead MoreArchetypal Conflicts In Sir Gawain And The Green Knight785 Words   |  4 PagesPrior to reading a novel, simply by looking at its monomyth archetypes, it becomes apparent to one what common patterns are found when following along with the hero’s journey. In Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, readers follow Gawain on h is quest to redeem the honor of his community. A number of archetypal situations occur to Sir Gawain and serve to promote Gawain’s conflicts, character, and theme development. Throughout Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, many conflicts rise to the surface as the medievalRead MoreA Summary Of Joseph Campbell And The Monomyth1562 Words   |  7 Pagesunconscious. He went to date on enumerate the actual themes and options that different myths shared, and theorized, within the case of those heroic myths the quality plot that he referred to as the monomyth. Joseph takes the North American country through the understanding of how the Hero’s journey and the monomyth relate to one another. Campbells theory of a hero’s journey is that the human psyche strives to make a literal or figurative journey. That journey primarily involves traveling to dangerous

Term 1 - 818 Words

Opre.315.002 Test 2 take home part (no solution) Direction: Show work or circle the letter of the most correct response. Points related to each question are marked before the question. This test like in class part is worth 100 points. This test has 1 free point. Problem 1 A credit union wants to make investments in the following: The firm will have $2,500,000 available for investment during the coming year. The following restrictions apply: †¢ Risk-free securities may not exceed 30% of the total funds, but must comprise at least 5% of the total. †¢ Signature loans may not exceed 12% of the funds invested in all loans (vehicle, consumer, other secured loans, and signature loans). †¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦show more content†¦The newspaper has only four issues before the end of the semester, but the radio is a 24/7 operation and has two dozen 30 second slots available. Facebook postings must be alternated with the rest of the mindless drivel posted on the college page; thus there is space for only three postings before the end of the semester. Twitter is complicated by the 140 character requirement. The communications director feels she needs five tweets to convey a single message about tours and semesters abroad, so for one message, the cost would be $25 for each of the five components of the single ad. Due to thumb fatigue, she feels that she has only 2800 characters left in her thumbs before the end of the semester. (A side note - During the intersession period, she plans to embark on a strict regimen of thumb yoga to prepare for the coming semester.) (5) What is an appropriate objective function for this scenario? A) Max Z = 5,000N + 3,000R + 700T + 200F B) Max Z = 500N + 250R + 125T + 15F C) Min Z = 500N + 250R + 125T + 15F D) Min Z = 5,000N + 3,000R + 700T + 200F Answer: Diff: 1 Page Ref: 128-131 Section Heading: A Marketing Example Keywords: objective function, model formulation AACSB: Analytical thinking (5) Which of these is an appropriate constraint for this scenario? A) 5,000N + 3,000R + 700T + 200F ≠¤ 3,500 B) 500N + 250R + 125T + 15F ≠¤ 3,500 C) N + R + T + F ≠¥ 36 D) T ≠¤ 2,800 Answer: Diff: 1Show MoreRelatedpoetry terms slide 11277 Words   |  6 PagesRhyme at the end of lines. †¢ Rhymed Verse – poetry, stanzas, lines that rhyme Poetry Terms †¢ Verse - a single line, poetry, a particular form of poetry, a stanza †¢ Meter – rhythmical pattern determined by number and types of stresses or beats in a line. – Monometer (1 –Pentameter (5 foot) feet) – Dimeter (2 feet) –Hexameter (6 – Trimeter (3 feet) feet) – Tetrameter (4 –Heptameter (7 feet) feet) Poetry Terms †¢ Rhythm – patterns of beats, or stresses in a poem. †¢ Foot - two syllables in a lineRead MoreBuss 1 Key Terms1188 Words   |  5 PagesBUSS1 Key Terms Adding value A process through which a business increases the worth of the resources included in production so that customers perceive the product to be worth more than the cost of the inputs Advisor An external contact of a business that provides support and advice, sometimes for free Bank loan A fixed amount loan from a bank which is generally used to finance  long-term assets Bank overdraft Borrowings from a bank on a current account which are payable on demand BreakevenRead MoreWeek 1 Term Paper781 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ 1. What is the vision/mission behind the Good Hotel concept? The vision/mission behind the Good Hotel concept is to maintain its identity as a â€Å"hotel with a conscience† – encompassing a positive attitude, environmental sensitive, and philanthropy. The intent of the vision is to inspire the â€Å"good in us all†. (Pearce, 2012, p. 10-1, 10-2) 2. What three alternatives is Pan Janusz considering for her recommendation to the new ownership of Good Hotel? Provide pros and cons of each. Read MoreAssignment 1 Terms Of Use1470 Words   |  6 PagesTerms of Use The following site is operated and owned by the Rookie company. Rookie offers the website, the information, content, and services available to you upon you accepting all of the terms and conditions, policies and notices stated here. We as a company retain the right to make modifications to this document at any time and it is the responsibility of you as a visitor to our site is to review these changes, upon continuing your visit, you are here by agreeing to the most recent versionRead MoreTriangular Number Of Triangular Numbers823 Words   |  4 Pagesprevious one. The sequence of triangular numbers are: 1, 3, 6,10, 15, 21... and so on. When working with multiple triangles, each triangle is assigned a triangle number. For example, triangle one (T1) has a triangular number of one. Triangle three has a triangular number of six. The letter T, followed but a number represents a certain triangle. The formula to calculate the amount of object using a stated length is: Tn(th)= n(n+1) 2 T represents triangle number. N represents theRead MoreLesson Plan For A Small Group Of Three First Grade, Classified English Language Learning ( Ell )1390 Words   |  6 Pagesgone to Jackson from the time they were in Kindergarten, while the Arabic student entered Jackson this year after the school year had already begun. All three of these children are below grade level in all content areas, especially literacy. In terms of this lesson, math is the content area being addressed. The concepts of less than, greater than, and equal to will be taught. Prior to this lesson, the students have learned how to count and label their numbers 0 through 100. They have workedRead MoreMKT 571 Quizzes week 1 6 Essay2577 Words   |  11 PagesQuiz  Week  1  Ã‚   1  One  of  the  most  critical  steps  in  the  defining  process  of  market  research  is   defining  the  problem,  the  decision  alternatives,  and  research  objectives   2  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ Wabash  Bank  would  like  to  understand  if  there  is  a  relationship  between  the  advertising  or  promotion  it   does  and  the  number  of  new  customers  the  bank  gets  each  quarter.  What  type  of  research  is  this  an   example  of?  Ã‚   Casual   3  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ How  does  the  market  demand  curve  change  (as  a  function  of  marketing  expenditure)  during  recession?  Read More1. Introduction. The Term Suicide-Related Behaviour (Srb)1521 Words   |  7 Pages1. Introduction The term suicide-related behaviour (SRB) broadly defines any injurious behavior inflicted upon oneself that is intended to cause harm (Silverman et al., 2007a). When looking at the research exploring the wide variability of SRB’s presentation, the literature is marked by inconsistent views and nomenclature (Silverman et al., 2007b). Still, SRB can be broadly subdivided according to the distinct motivation and intent to die, into two main subtypes: self harm (SH), also called self-mutilationRead More1.Discuss The Condition/Diagnosis In Terms Of Basic Information,1067 Words   |  5 Pages1. Discuss the condition/diagnosis in terms of basic information, pathology, phases of healing. †¢ Cervical degenerative disc disease is a common cause of neck pain and radiating arm pain. It develops when one or more of the cushioning discs in the cervical spine starts to break down due to wear and tear. There may be a genetic factor that predisposes some people to more rapid wear. Injury may also contribute and sometimes can cause the development of the degenerative changes. When cervical degenerative

Dress for Succes Free Essays

When I think of the phrase â€Å"Dress for Success! † I think of a person getting ready or preparing for a big job interview. Like when person goes to a job interview wearing a muscle shirt and shorts for a job that requires you to cook food. Or when a person wears super fancy clothes to an interview that requires you to clean bathrooms. We will write a custom essay sample on Dress for Succes or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Dressing for success† is like a guide telling you what you might need to wear to make a good impression. Dress for success means to dress for the occasion. You want to dress for the occasion because you don’t want be out-of-order. An example of this is going to church in pajamas. That is an example of dressing out-of-order. Schools are even making their dress codes better. They don’t want the kids to dress themselves in tank tops and super short shorts. Some girls do that just to fit in. Those girls are dumb. Dressing for success doesn’t only apply to job interviews, but for many other things. If you’re running for long distances, you don’t want your everyday clothes to slow you down. How coul you fix this simple problem? You could get the appropriate clothes for running and it would help you by taking off unneeded weight and make you not get tired as quickly. When you are applying for a job interview, you should look nice. If you want to get a job at a bank, you should wear nice pants and a nice shirt, or a dress. If you are applying for a job at Hot Topic you could probably wear a T shirt from your favorite band and skinny jeans. Avoid too many body piercings though. When you go to a job interview or someones funeral you have to dress with respect. And nice. You don’t want your butt or boobs hanging out. You want people to think your decent and well-behaved. Another example is when you wear a tank top and some booty shorts to school. That’s not a good thing to wear. You got to wear non-distracting clothes. When you come to school you don’t really have to dress for success but you don’t want to come looking a hot mess. Come looking decent. I think dressing for success is important because people will make assumptions about you. If you’re in Wal-Mart and you’re wearing old pajamas with holes in them in all the wrong places, people will think you’re weird. If you’re at a school dance, casual, and you wear a wedding dress, people will think you’re lame and weird. If you go to prom wearing a dressing robe, people will NOT dance with you. When I think of dress for success I think of†¦ Say you wanna go to Adventure. Your friends are dressed in booty shorts and tank tops but there are hundreds of people they’re looking at you, is that really how you wanna dress? People don’t want to see girls in booty shorts walking around at the age of 11 or 12. I think people should dress a certain way. One reason is if you own a fortune 500 company and you wear flip-flops and a tank top. The workers won’t take you seriously. How to cite Dress for Succes, Papers

Australian Family Law Essay Example For Students

Australian Family Law Essay In this day and age there are many variations of what constitutes a couple or family in comparison to many years ago. Long ago the idea of a ‘nuclear family’ was considered the norm; it consisted of the conventional husband, wife and children . But as our society progressed through the years this definition became less conventional and criticisms were made, this definition of ‘family’ did not account for gay unions, soul parents nor did it acknowledge the prevalence of extended family. The definition of family has changed over time, as have the socially defined roles of mothers and fathers. Within these varied family units, situations occur in which divorces and separations take place and a lot of the times these tricky situations may involve children, which can make an already tricky situation even more problematic. There are pieces of legislation which are in place which aim to protect the best interests of a child during the time their parents are going t hrough divorce but sometimes these avenues can be more problematic and ultimately destroy unions whereas other avenues of dispute resolution such as mediation, albeit with its own criticisms, helps to keep relationships afoot in that it provides an opportunity for peaceful and mutual agreements to be made in a more laid back environment. In the Commonwealth of Australia’s Constitution Act s 51, powers of the Commonwealth Parliament to legislate on family law subjects is laid out, it states: â€Å"The Parliament shall, subject to the Constitution, have power to make laws for the peace, order, and good government of the Commonwealth with respect to: (xxi) Marriage: (xxii) Divorce and matrimonial causes; and relation thereto, parental rights and the custody and guardianship of infants†. Under this provision of their powers, the Commonwealth has defined the concept of marriage in the Marriage Act 1961 (Cth) as a ‘voluntary union by a man and a woman to the exclusion of everyone else voluntarily entered into for life’ . This historical definition was derived from the case of Hyde v Hyde and Woodmansee (1866) and denotes monogamous, heterosexual relationships; this restriction on the term ‘marriage’ has prevented the parliament from legislating in respect to de-facto and homosexual couples. However the Victorian Parliament has developed the Relationships Act 2008 (Vic) which recognises and registers the relationships between two people who aren’t married irrespective of ones gender. In the year 2010 there where 50, 240 divorces granted in Australia alone . Under the Family Law Act (FLA) a divorce can not be filed within the first two years of the life of the marriage without court permission, unless a certificate is filed with the application. This certificate would state the two individuals have considered reconciling with a marriage counsellor or an appropriate officer of the family court. There are three main grounds for divorce, which are listed under sections 48 to 50 of the FLA; it is asked whether the ‘consortium vitae’, the life blood of the marriage has ended. When a couple is divorcing there are many factors to be taken into consideration; such as, division of property and other assets and most importantly children. Since 2007 the Family relationship centre has been the first stop for family disputes, there are over 60 centres Australia wide. The argument comparing the efficiency of the historic dispute resolution method of court procedures and newer avenues such as mediation and arbitration have been widely discussed and debated. Usually in relation to neighbourhood disputes; the more informal, inexpensive and time consuming ways of alternative dispute resolution are seen to triumph over the procedures of litigation. Mediation is a form of conflict resolution which is based upon the assumption that parties to a dispute are capable of both negotiating and approaching an appropriate solution to a particular issue through the facilitation and aid of a mediator guided by the specific principles of mediation. People choose mediation as a mean s of settling a dispute because it allows for all parties to themselves resolve the dispute and find a solution in a neutral environment. Children and Family Relationship Bill 2013: Parental Uncertainty in Cases of Guardianship, Custody and AccessWorks Cited Australian Bureau of Statistics, 3310.0 Marriages and Divorces, Australia, 2010, accessed 10 April 2012 http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/[emailprotected]/Products/CC6BED7266C21AD4CA2579570013BF0F?opendocument M Ebejer E Mills, 2010, Family Law, 4th edn, Lexis Nexis, Australia McDonald, P 1984, Can The Family Survive? Change in Australia, Discussion Paper no. 11, Australian Institute of Family Studies, accessed 10 April 2012 http://www.aifs.gov.au/institute/pubs/dp11.html Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act s 51, Prepared 2003, Accessed 3 April 2012, http://fedlaw.gov.au/comlaw/comlaw.nsf/440c19285821b109ca256f3a001d59b7/57dea3835d797364ca256f9d0078c087/$FILE/ConstitutionAct.pdf Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, Family Law Act 1975, Australasian Legal Information Institute (Austlii), http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/fla1975114/ Goode v Goode (2006) FamCA 1346 (http://www.familylawwebguide.com.au/attachment.php?id=43keep_session=21863255)

The Beak Of The Finch Essay Example For Students

The Beak Of The Finch Essay The Beak of the Finch The Bogus Logic of The BeakPeople who have served in the Armed Forces may be familiar with the expression, If you cant dazzle then with your brilliance, baffle them with your baloney. The Beak of the Finch uses such laughable logic, it is remarkable that anyone would believe it. The book does such a terrible job of presenting a case for evolution and history, that the only logical conclusion is that the books true intent is to disprove it. Jonathan Weiner, The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1994. ISBN 0679400036. It is never too late to give up our prejudices. No way of thinking or doing, however ancient, can be trusted without proof. Thoreau, WaldenThis book claims to be about evolution, centered in the location made famous by Charles Darwin, the Galapagos Islands. I read this book on the recommendation of a good friend who knows I am interested in birds and thought I might get something out of it. Indeed, the few parts of the book actually about the Gouldian Finches of the Galapagos Islands are fascinating. The book records in detail some of the trials the Dr. Peter Grant family endured in studying these birds on a hot volcanic rock. However, the writers and editors of the book avoid simple logic and put a spin on history that is misleading. The facts and logic presented in The Beak of the Finch really make the books author out to be a closet creationist. It just so happened that at the same time I read this book, I was reading The Storm Petrel and the Owl of Athena by Louis Halle. Half of The Storm Petrel is on the bird life of the Shetland Islands, another isolated natural system. Halle, though an evolutionist, devotes a whole chapter on how the Shetlands and other islands conserve species. (Halle. 1970, 155ff.) Where species have changed their habits, it is most often due to adaptation to humanity. He compares the wild starlings, house sparrows, and rock doves found on the Shetlands with the more domesticated versions of these birds found on the continentsand to some degree even in the main village of the Shetlands. The island birds are more like their original wild forebears. I mention this now because it will come back to haunt us later. Logical FallaciesBy the first thirty or so pages I had found two logical fallacies and at least one historical inaccuracy in The Beak of the Finch. The fallacies were significant. The historical point was minor, but could be misleading. The fallacies would continue through the book. Page 10 says Evolutionists are watching life ev olve on different islands. Well, not on the Shetlands, if Halles observations are accurate. One reason given is that islands are a closed system. I am not sure how closed any place on earth is any more; however, the Grants (the scientist couple doing the research reported by The Beak) were certainly careful to keep their little island as closed as possible. They washed themselves carefully, watched for any alien seeds they might bring, and so on. The great irony is that after twenty five years of observing, the net result is no change: Individual variation from year to year, surely, but nothing even remotely approaching one species turning into something else. The Problem with Using Breeders for AnalogiesPage 30 describes the law of succession (not plant or forest succession). This is adjunct to evolution. Is it truly a law? Can it be observed? Can it be repeated experimentally? Well, he says, Darwin showed that breeders can produce varieties of breeds of dogs and pigeons. Both Darw in and Weiner spend a lot of time on pigeons. There are several problems with this. One, breeders are outside intelligent operators. They are not natural forces. Second, and what will prove to be most significant, they still breed pigeons. The pigeons never become another species, regardless of the exotic traits they display. They are still pigeons. Even Darwin backer Sir Charles Lyell noted, There is no good evidence of spontaneous generation, and breeders know only too well that they cannot change one species into another. (Ruse, 1979, 81)1 Now Darwin suggested that at some point perhaps species could become something else. He was speculating. He used pigeon fanciers as an analogy for the forces of nature. Page 30 says it was an analogy. There is a problem with using analogies for science. They can be useful to explain things, but analogy is not the scientific method (inductive reasoning). Darwin would write that old Aristotle was his god. (Loomis, 1943, xxxii) While Aristotle did write about logic, he mostly used analogy when observing nature. Here is one quick example: Winds shake the air, earthquakes shake the earth, therefore earthquakes are caused by underground winds. (Meteorology, 2.8.23ff) Whenever you argue from analogy, you must be certain that the two items being compared are truly comparable and that the similarity of one feature truly means a similarity in another. We have a right to question whether pigeon breeders, or dog breeders, bean growers, etc. are behaving in a manner that nature does. We also must ask the question whether a visible similarity (Weiners definition of species) means common ancestry. I tell the story of when I caddied. There was another caddie who had red hair, a round face, and freckles like me. We were about the same height and had a similar build. Once when I was caddying, my golfer said to me, I had your brother the last time I played golf. Well, Chris Murphy was not my brother. We were not related at all. Just because we had some physical similarities did not mean we had a common ancestor. The argument by analogy continues for some time in the book. Yet these two questions about breeders and analogies are never addressed. The author also misses the obvious pointthose fancy pigeons are still pigeons. This analogy hardly appears like a law of science. Differences Among Individuals Not the Same as Transitional FormsThe book notes on page 40 that Darwin himself asked, Why are there not transitional forms? Darwins answer was that they had died off. The next question that follows logically is perhaps relevant here. Why are there not more fossils of transitional forms? That unanswerable question is why Niles Eldridge, Stephen Jay Gould, and others came up with the punctuated equilibrium theory (a.k.a. the hopeful monster theory) that there were sudden massive genetic changes which produced new species. Indeed, some fossils thought to be transitional have been proven otherwise. When I was in college we were taught that man evolved from Australopithecus. Now, if the Leakeys are to be believed, we find that Australopithecus and Homo were alive at the same time. The January 1998 issue of Scientific American describes an ongoing discussion of whether or not Neanderthal Man is a human ancestor. (Wong, 1998) Regular bird fossils have also been found at the same level as Archaeopteryx. As we shall see, the fossil record shows extinction rather than transition. And extinction is an argument against natural selection producing new species. Time and time again the book tells of individual variation among finches. The average person would not notice these differences. The Grants noticed. Some of the subtle differences in bill thickness could mean the difference between survival and death. The Fortis finch, the main subject of the Grants study, with a slightly narrower bill had an advantage in good growing years because the more general bill could eat a variety of available seeds. One with a thicker bill would do better in dry seasons when the only available seeds were those survivors with thicker hulls that the smaller bill could not crack. We note individual differences among humans, too. But just because there are individual differences does not mean that they evolve into something else. Individuals are just different. Lets celebrate diversity and acknowledge individual differences. Darwinism as Neither Proven Nor ScientificPage 52 has another wild statement that challenges logic. Darwin himself never tried to produce experimental confirmation of this particular point that individual variation led to changes into new species. It is at once extremely logical and extremely hard to prove. Hmm! I let that statement speak for itself. The author does not demonstrate the logic of itprobably not because it is hard, but because it is impossible. Perhaps, too, I am beginning to suspect that the author is not familiar with rules of logic. Note two things about that statement. O ne, no experimentation. That means no scientific method. Therefore Darwin was not in the strict sense being scientific. Two, the logic on how natural selection causes new species is very difficult. In fact, the author does not even try to show it. If There Is No Net Change, Doesnt That Disprove Evolution?For a number of pages in what is really the core of the book, the author describes how the Fortis Finches of the island specialize according to subtle differences in beak size during dry years. As a result, several strains appear. However, in wet years, the strains interbreed and the net result over a period of time is no change! This, of course, is exactly the opposite of what the theory of evolution would predict. As a result, after about page 80 or 90, the rest of the book is devoted to a literary subterfuge to try to convince the reader otherwise in spite of the evidence. The kindest thing I can say is that the author is preaching to the converted. By page 81 the author says thi s is evolution in action, yet there is nothing about new species. The Gouldian Finches are still Gouldian Finches. Indeed the alternating natural forces keep them from changing. The author admits on page 106 that reversals of fortune are common. What does that mean? Change goes in various directions. Survivors in a recent generation can be more like a distant generation than the parental generation. What is the net result? No change, hence no evolution! The author tells of the stratification of guppies according to the type of stream bed they are found in. Again, somehow this is supposed to show evolution, but instead it shows stabilization. The guppies are still guppies. There are individual variations, certainly, and some individuals have a better chance to survive in certain environments, but they do not become something else. This demonstrates the dirty secret of natural selection. Natural selection is generally conservative. It preserves species, it does not make new ones. This has always been the scientific criticism of Darwin since he and Wallace first published their theories. The examples that The Beak of the Finch use really show the same thingthat natural selection is conservative. It does not speak of the origin of species as much as it does the preservation of species. Darwins Logic in the First Half of His TitleDarwins books full title was On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life. If we look at the first clause of the title we can see that there are really three parts to Darwins logic. One is that species exist. Species are Darwins given. Second, Darwin tries to demonstrate that species adapt over time to changes in the environment. This is what he calls natural selection. Third, Darwin then tries to make the connection that these natural adaptations result in the formation of new, discrete species. Or as he put it in his title, species originate by means of this natural selection. There is also the uniformitarian implication that these changes are subtle and gradual and take a long time to have a visible effect. Hence, the earth is old, and Lyells anti-diluvialism or anti-catastrophism best explains the geological record. We will look at the second clause of the title later. The Beak of the Finch is one of a number of studies which show that subtle changes within species can occur in just a few generations when environmental circumstances change. For the sake of argument we will call this natural selection. The next step in Darwins theory seems to be the most significantthat these changes will eventually result in new species. The results recorded in The Beak of the Finch appear to be saying just the opposite of this. The net change over time is nil or insignificant. And if there are any changes, they are conservativethey preserve the present species, they do not mutate the species into something else. A Few More Questionable QuotationsI like this line on page 131: The opposition to Darwinism arises, as Darwin himself observed, not from what reason dictates but from the limits of what the imagination can accept. I will let that statement speak for itself. Reason and observation do not explain evolution. We can only imagine it. Is it unreasonable and imaginary? Page 144 also states another problem. It explains that Darwins thesis predicts the general absence of competition. Yet the observations of the Grants in particular show lots of competition for space and food in the small island territory. In addition, the author explains, because there should be no competition, evolution will usually be unobserved! If it is unobserved then how do we know it happens? Science and the scientific method require observation. At the very least, this means that Darwinian evolution will always be a theory. Indeed, after a quarter of a century on the Galapagos, the Grants evidence does demonstrate that actual evolution is not observed. Here the author is explaining why Darwinism cannot be proved, how the Grants observations show things that Darwin said would not happen, and yet the author still sounds like an advocate of Darwin. Doesnt that sound like blind faith? The Irrelevant Crossbill ExperimentPage 182 contains one experiment, but it has nothing to do with evolution. Perhaps its an example of analogy gone wild. The author describes experiments done with the bird known as a crossbill. Crossbills have crossed bills which enable them to reach into pine cones and extract the seeds. Someone took a group of crossbills and clipped the crossed portion of their bills so that they could no longer open pine cones. The birds could eat other seed put out for them. The bills grew back. Then they were able to eat pine seeds again. It makes sense, but does it have anything to do with evolution? While it does show how bill shape determines a birds ability to eat certain foods, I still have not figured out what that has to do with evo lution. There have been many other experiments where scientists removed or altered body parts of creatures. They could not function normally in most cases until that part grew back. All it tells us is that most body parts have a function. Perhaps it does illustrate the utility of bill structure, but there is nothing to do with heredity or genes in this one. The book states that this exercise with the crossbills refutes the anti-evolutionist book Darwin on Trial, but since the experiment has nothing to do with Darwinian heredity, it is impossible to see the relevance. Ultimately, the author is stuck and he knows it. He wants to believe in evolution, yet all the evidence he has been presenting is really showing that natural selection is conservative. What can he do? Talk of finches, guppies, and crossbills: interesting but largely irrelevant. Self-Contradiction and Laughable LogicThe author admits he is lost on page 192. This quotation sums up the shaky ground he has found himself on. The amazing illogic of it should be obvious even to a ten year old: Fortis has done a lot of evolving just to stay in place!As Shakespeare would say: That is hot ice and wondrous strange snow. (A Midsummer Nights Dream, 5.1.63)I almost laughed out loud when I read that sentence. The finches changed so much that they didnt change at all? Evolution is proven because it doesnt happen? A recent review in Scientific American complains that science in America on the decline because relativistic thinking has crept into science, that science is a subjective human construction, like art or music. (Morrison, 1997, 114) The article blames the influence of social science which does not take seriously the ultimate importance of objective facts. (Morrison, 1997, 117) Clearly, if the above passage reflects contemporary scientific thinking, then at least some of the blame is the responsibility of science itself, not just sociology. I find it even more remarkable that a book which such nonsense as the above passage could win a nonfiction Pulitzer Prize. One of the three panelists which made the final selection is a writing teacher at a well-known technical university. Would he accept such stuff if one of his students wrote that in a paper? One of the other panelists is an editor of a well-known high-circulation magazine. Would she allow such thinking in an article that she edited? (1995 Pulitzer Prizes, 1997) Such a prize is usually given to the best in its field. If this is the best evolution can do, evolution is in sad shape. Even the old agnostic himself, T.H. Huxley, wrote: Science is simply common sense at its best; that is rigidly accurate in obervation and merciless to fllacy in logic. (Gould, 16)A few years ago in article in Natural History magazine, biogeographer and evolutionary apologist Jared Diamond wrote of a genetic study done of Jews. He noted that some genetic changes had taken place in the Jewish Diaspora of the last two thousand years in Europe. He also not ed that some inherited traits such as fingerprints and certain blood antibodies had not changed. In many ways European Jews, in spite of their outward appearance, are genetically closer to Arabs in the Near East (where the Jews came from) than to Europeans with whom they have lived for two millennia or more. Diamond then very emphatically stated that thisalong with the sainted peppered mothsproves that evolution is a fact his italics. (Diamond, 1993, 19) I am not sure how. After two thousand years and thousands of miles migrated, the genotypes of this population are still identifiable. Is it the same kind of logicthat they evolve by not changing? I should really stop there. At first I thought the author just thought all his readers were dense. But I get the impression he really believes this stuff! One person I shared this with simply passed it off because Weiner was writing for a popular audience. Logic is not important for the mass of people? Is science the new priesthood which th e laity must trust blindly? The aristocracy to which the serfs owe total allegiance? Natural Selection Stabilizes, It Does Not Cause New SpeciesOn page 227 the author even speaks of stabilizing selection. Ah! What is this? A scientific oxymoron? Not if you are a Darwinist. You see, that phrase illustrates precisely the main argument against Darwin from the beginning, before Huxley and Wilberforce turned the whole discussion into a sideshow. Natural selection stabilizes species, it does not change them. The book even shares another little secret of evolution: Evolutionists are forever dividing and subdividing into schismatic sects. (231). This is what began to make me personally doubt evolution in college. The Anthropology, Biology, and Sociology classes all taught it, but they didnt agree on much and even criticized the others interpretation of it. There was no common ground except a materialist bias. It did not strike me as very objective. The author then describes a number of spec ies with very short generations. Two that he focuses on are a type of fruit fly and the human intestinal bacteria. The most he can say about the fruit flyintroduced into areas where it was not nativeis that it may be diverging into new species. (233) This is after he criticized the book Darwin on Trial for using the word may. (182) If it is good for the goose Interestingly, the book documents one really long-term change among Gouldian Finches on page 240 and thereabouts. The Galapagos Islands are now densely populated in some places. Like the rock doves, house sparrows, and starlings of Eurasia and North America, they have adjusted to human habitation. They are learning to eat scraps and seeds from people. The various types of finches which before were distinguished by differences in bills are becoming a hybrid swarm in towns. They are changing, but this is not due to natural forces, but due to manmore like the pigeon fanciers. Even here, though, natural selection is working not to change the species, but preserve it. The various strains are coming together to survive. This is the same phenomenon Halle (1970) observed on the Shetlands as he compared the village starlings, sparrows, and rock doves with those in remote areas. This also is the same phenomenon observed among the Lake Victoria cichlidstraditionally seen as a model for evolution like the Galapagos finches. These fish display highly specialized races in this large but isolated African lake. Within ten years after the introductin of a predatory Nile perch species, we read that observers noticed a kind of hybrid that seems to display a resistance to the perch. (Trachtman, 119) This reviewer called this phenomenon an irony. Well, irony is wonderful in drama and literaturesomething unexpected happens. However, when an irony happens in a scientific model, it is time to re-examine that model. The author refers in a few places to the peppered or speckled . I recall my high school text book used this to prov e evolution. That text was first published in 1962 and was first American textbook at the high school level to present evolution as scientific fact. The moth was white with some dark morphs. It lived in white birches. As the industrial cities and white birches in England became more grimy, the dark morphs became predominant. That was in the 1960s. With anti-pollution laws, the cities today are less grimy, there is virtually no soot in the air and the birches are white again. So now, again, most of the moth morphs are white. This is clearly not evolution! They have gone back to what they were. And, indeed, they have always been speckled moths, whether white or black. (Just like people!) Again, if there is natural selection, it is conservative, preserving the species, not transforming it into something else. .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f , .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f .postImageUrl , .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f , .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f:hover , .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f:visited , .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f:active { border:0!important; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f:active , .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u28fed74ff2ad57b49730c9f785c9a59f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Homelessness Essay We will write a custom essay on The Beak Of The Finch specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now New Evidence on the Peppered MothsSince The Beak of the Finch came out, new evidence has emerged which appears to show that the Speckled Moth experiments were stacked. This is documented by M. E. N. Majerus in Melanism: Evolution in Action (Oxford, 1998). Majerus claims to believe in evolution, by the way. The moth experiments of Bernard Kettlewell in the 1950s have not been verified by other observers. For one thing, neither morph of the moth spends any time on rocks or tree bark. Kettlewells associates admit that photographs were faked and moth specimens were glued onto a tree and photographed. This admission is comparable to the Piltdown Man hoax or W. E. LeGros Clarks admission that he deiberately doctored his pictures of fossil primates to make them look like they were intermediate forms between apes and men. Weimer can be forgiven for not knowing about the moth experiments, since this information came out after his book. However, this does not excuse his logic, even assuming the observations were valid. This moth business illlustrates not only poor logic but flawed scientific method. It appears as though the establishment will grasp at any straw uncritically when it has the appearance of supporting its world view. For reviews of this see Nature, 5 Nov. 1998, and Back to Genesis, Apr. 1999. See also Star Course, Notes from Nature. The Second Part of Darwins TitleAnd, you know, that is precisely the language used by Darwin himself in the second part of the title of his Origin book: the Preservation of Favored Races in the Struggle for Life. Whats that word? Preservation. Here is a curious contradiction in the very title of the evolutionists holy writ. As we have seen, the first clause says that species originate via natural selection. The second clause says that races are preserved by the same process. They change without changing! So if I observe a species change, that proves evolution. If I see a species persevere, that is natural selection which also proves evolution. No wonder Weiner said Darwins logic was complicated! It is actually bogus logic. Can a statement and its negative can both be true at the same time? Even if both are impossible to observe? More Problem QuotationsBy page 280 the book describes people as causing their own genetic change: We modified the hyoid bone. Human evolution in the first person? HmmWhen I was a teenager I sure would have liked to have modified a few thing about my bone structure. Most teenagers would. I couldnt. Could the author? Page 284 Species of finches cannot diversify on Cocos Island Pacific island owned by Costa Rica because the island is too small. And I thought islands were laboratories of evolution. The island in the Galapagos archipelago that the Grants worked on was even smaller. Interestingly, this year a popular boo k on biology came out called The Song of the Dodo. One of its premises is that islands are laboratories of extinction, not evolution. While it is written from an evolutionary perspective, it admits that on islands, speciation could be disregarded as a factor in wildlife populations. (Quammen, 414) Bacteria + Moths + Birds + Guppies + Flies = Preservation of the SpeciesThe author tells of E. coli bacteria, the common human intestinal bacteria. These bacteria, we are told, have a generation that lasts about two hours. Strains appear and adjust due to environmental f..actors. They change when a person gets a cold, comes in close contact with another person, or eats a certain food; and some strains develop resistance to antibiotics. These things, though, do not prove evolution. They demonstrate the opposite. Bacteria resistant to antibiotics or insects resistant to pesticides do not demonstrate evolutionthey demonstrate that natural selection is conservative. They preserve the species; they do not change it into something else. Similarly, those cotton-eating Heliothis moths which the book mentions are still eating cotton. They are still the same insect. Some individuals may resist insecticides, but this trait preserves the species, it does not change the creature into something else. And yet the author mocks the Bible-belt cotton farmers who disbelieve evolution. In fact, those farmers recognize perfectly well that the same kind of moth still eats their cotton. The example of E. coli is an especially obvious refutation to evolution. With nearly six billion human laboratories carrying this bacteria on earth and with the bacteria reproducing every two hours, we would have the equivalent of millions of years of human or mammalian evolution observable just in our lifetime. Yet, while various strains of E. coli may appear or may become predominant in a certain environment, they do not become something else. They are still E. coli. Six billion people defecating every da y, youd think wed notice if they had become something else! The book lists a number of examples of natural selection in species: Gouldian Finches, guppies, cotton moths, fruit flies, sandpipers, (the crossbill experiment does not count since clipping bills does not change the genetic makeup of the population), speckled moths, and the very fecund E. coli. What do we observe over generationsin the case of E. coli, twelve per day? That the species do not change! Indeed, with the speckled moths, Gouldian finches, and bacteria at least, they will clearly revert to a past type. What does this show? It shows the precise opposite of what Darwin was attempting to prove. It shows that species do not change. Any individual variations which may be selected by nature preserve the species. The alternative is extinction. That is precisely what the fossil record and even the current natural record showsnot species changing into something else but species not changing and disappearing. In spite of a nearly a hundred and fifty years of Darwinistic indoctrination, when we think of survival of the fittest, we think of extinction, of the unfit that dont survive. That is real. That is a fact. Change into another life form is still speculative at best.2 The Earliest Known Critique of DarwinismA critique of Darwin and Wallaces earliest publications on evolution (prior to The Origin) appeared in 1860 in an article in the Journal of the Geological Society of Dublin. This article notes that the propagation of special varieties is simply a provision to guard against the destruction of the species by any, the least, change.3 The only problem, the article said, with Darwins idea that the healthiest specimens of a group survive is want of novelty. (Brackman, 1980, 74) If it means what it says, it is a truism; if it means anything more, it is contrary to fact. (Brackman, 1980, 74) Indeed, the only reason the article says that the publications of Darwin and Wallace were considered seriously a t all is because of the social status of the Darwin family and the backing of publication by Lyell and Sir Joseph Hooker. This speculation of Messrs. Darwin and Wallace would not be worthy of notice were it not for the weight of the authority of the names under whose auspices it has been brought forward. (Brackman, 1980, 75) Darwin was from a prominent family and his wife from an even more prominent family. He and Wallace were published at the instigation of Lyell and Hooker. Both of these men were baronets and members of the Royal Society. Lyell, of course, had Principles of Geology to his credit. Hooker was a well-traveled botanist and curator of the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew. Its not what you know, its who you know. Perhaps this rebuttal to the Darwin-Wallace hypothesis did not receive more attention because it came from Dublin. It did not have the aristocratic or social pedigree that Darwin and his Royal Society friends had. Of course, today it would be politically incorrec t to snub someone because of his or her nationality, but it is academically acceptable to ridicule another type of person, one with a status similar to the Irish in nineteenth century England. We see The Beak of the Finch do this. Who Are Contemporary Equivalent of the Irish in America Today?The author, of course, wants to sell books. He wants approval from the academic establishment. Twenty years ago Harpers ran an article on natural selection being conservative. (Bethell, 1976)4 It did not sell. The prize-winning Beak of the Finch will sell. Especially since it does include the obligatory elitist slam at fundamentalists. It is clear the author does not know what the word means since the one specific example he uses of a fundamentalist is a Jehovahs Witness. One of the seven fundamentals of a Christian fundamentalist is that Jesus is God. While the Jehovahs witnesses do believe in a special Creator, they deny that He is Jesus. The author quotes Peter Grant that Creationists have th e appearance of closed minds. Dr. Grant then admits he does not know any. He can be forgiven for that because he has spent most of the last two and a half decades on a deserted island in the Pacific Ocean. He clearly is not aware of what has happened in American courts in the last twenty years. It has been the evolutionists who have effectively silenced the discussion of any opposition not by logic, not by evidence, but by court order! If the creationists are closed-minded, then the evolutionists are censors. The other ironic thing about that statement is that Dr. Grant himself may be the one with the closed mind. Here is all this evidence to show that natural selection does not make new species, and he cant see it. Or maybe he can, he just is afraid of becoming an academic pariah. So he presents evidence refuting Darwinists all the while pretending he still is one. That is why I suspect that either Dr. Grant, the researcher, or Mr. Weiner, the author, is a closet creationist. Why D id Darwin Drop Out?While logic is the main problem of the book, there are two historical inaccuracies worthy of note in The Beak of the Finch. The author suggests that when Darwin left England for the Beagle that he was still a seminary student, and that it was the trip on the Beagle and reading Lyells Principles of Geology that changed him. If Darwins Autobiography is to be believed, that is not exactly what happened. Darwin dropped out of seminary because he no longer believed the Biblethe three things Darwin mentions specifically are the story of Noah, the Tower of Babel, and the doctrine eternal hell for the unbeliever. Darwins father did not know what to do. His father is the one who sent him to seminary in the first place because being a minister seemed like a job that Charles was suited for. When Charles dropped out, his father recognized Charles interest in science, so he arranged for him to take the job a ships surgeon on the Beagle, where he could see some of the world and learn a suitable trade. One of Lyells original intentions was to sink the diluvialists, people who believed in the Genesis Flood and that that explained most geological sediments and fossils. (Gillispie, 1960, 299) It appears that Darwin and Lyell were kindred spirits since Darwin had admitted that the Genesis Flood was one of the teachings which kept him from Christianity. The authors misinformation on Darwin here is relatively minor. It perhaps suggests that the author wants his reader to convert from religious belief, too, but the detail itself is not that significant. Perhaps the author knows of evidence that I am unfamiliar with, though at least one other author interprets the account the way I do. (Gillispie, 1960, 348; cf. Darwin 1958, 85ff.) It really does not change the effect of the book much at all unless he is suggesting that Darwin is deceiving us in his autobiography. Indeed, one impression from reading Darwins autobiography is that even though he gradually changed fr om Christianity to universalism to deism to atheism, he remained a man of conscience.5 How The Beak Attempts to Rewrite HistoryThe second historical misstatement in The Beak is downright misleading. In fact, it changes the whole nature of the argument of the book. It may show what really motivates many evolutionists. On page 298 the book claims that the idea that God designed the universe no longer seemed compelling after Galileo and Newton discovered the celestial laws of motion. Where did Weiner come up with that idea? He clearly knows nothing about Newton and little about history. What did Newton devote his life to after he discovered and quantified the laws of motion? Theology! Most of his writings are theological. The order and design that he discovered led him to consider the One, as he put it, who wound the watch. Newton would write in his Principia: This most beautiful system of the sun, planets, and comets could only proceed from the counsel and dominion of an intelligent a nd powerful BeingThis Being governs all things, not as the soul of the world, but as Lord over all; and on account of His dominion he is wont to be called Lord God pantokrator, Universal Ruler.(Newton, 1687, 369, 370)6 This God no longer seemed compelling to Newton? Certainly we are not talking about the same Isaac Newton as is quoted here! Lets at least be honest! The scientific revolution which resulted in the acceptance of the scientific method went hand in hand with the Reformation. It was not that God had become irrelevantHe had become more relevant. The Reformation emphasized that the God of the Bible had created the universe. The scientific method worked because God was a God of order, not confusion. We could do inductive experiments and make observations and the results would not be random. Why? Because the universe is orderly. One could go on and detail the history of the period of Galileo and Newtonno time in European and American history before or since has the Christian religion been such a critical issue as the period between 1520 and 1789. Most of the wars and many political movements resulted from it or in reaction to it. English-speaking North America was settled in most places for religious reasons. One of the main motivations of the American Revolutionaries was resistance to Englands attempts to make a uniform state religion of the Anglican Church in the colonies. The concept of God was hardly irrelevant during this era!7 Who Was Behind the Attack on Galileo?OK, some say, what about Galileo? He got in trouble with the Pope. Well, the Pope was one of the reasons for the Reformation. The Roman Church in the Middle Ages had adopted Aristotle as a model for science, and even for a lot of theology. Luther in particular was very critical of this.8 The Popes opposition to Galileo was Aristotelian. It was Aristotle who taught differently than Galileo. (The Bible doesnt have word about the planet Jupiter or its moons) The Reformation succeeded in knoc king Aristotles influence down a few notches, in the area of science as well as theology. Galileo had to take the rap for using the scientific method just as Luther had to for emphasizing the Bible. But if it had not been Galileo, it probably would have been someone else who was using the scientific method who might have gotten into trouble with authorities. It is also important to note that Galileo actually had the support of Pope Paul V and the Jesuits, but the faculty at the Universities of Padua and Pisa hated his experiments and anti-Aristotelian views. He was sentenced by Pope Urban VIII, but the charges which brought him before the pope were filed by academics. It appeared that the churchs major sin was capitulating to the pressure from the scientific community and Galileos enemies. Only as a result from much pressure from the secular establishment and Aristotelian philosophers did the church side against Galileo. (Bergman, 1995)Even a general reference source acknowledges th at: Since the full publication of Galileos trial documents in the 1870s, entire responsibility for Galileos condemnation has customarily been placed on the Roman catholic church. This conceals the role of the philosophy professors who first persuaded theologians to link Galileos science with heresy. (Drake, 1996)It was not the church that led Galileos inquisition, it was academia. Today academia uses the secular courts rather than the ecclesiastical ones, but the result is the same, to try to silence the scientific opposition. Darwin, Aristotle, and Spontaneous GenerationThis leads into Darwin. As I mentioned earlier, Darwin called himself a disciple of Aristotle. I speak of Aristotelian sciencethe science of analogy. That is what evolution isanalogous traits in various species come from a common ancestor. Keep in mind that The Origin of Species was published in 1859. Most of Pasteurs work was done in the 1870s and 1880s .People did not know of the significance of microbes. It was s till common, for example, to say that malaria was caused by bad air. That is what the word malaria means. (Cf. Thoreau, 1854, 132) Though there were some experiments disproving it, it would still be possible to find intelligent men like Darwin who believed with Aristotle in spontaneous generation. For example, if you read Walden, published in 1854, it appears that Thoreau did. (Cf. Thoreau, 1854, 325ff.) The Origin of Species is an example of latent Aristotelian science. Some well-meaning scientists are still trying to spontaneously generate life out of chemicals. (If it could be done, we should be able to take a cadaverwhich already has the chemicalsand bring it to life. We cant even do that) By the nineteenth century, Aristotelian science was pretty much a historical relic. Darwin brought it back from the dead and it is an unreasonable, self-contradictory monster. Concluding ObservationsThe Beak of the Finch purports to be a book about the observation of evolution in our time. The actual observations recorded in the book, however, demonstrate the absence of evolution among the finches of the Galapagos Islands and other species like the peppered and cotton moths, intestinal bacteria, guppies, and fruit flies. The book uses a number of self-contradictory statements which illustrate the shaky logical foundation of Darwinian evolution. The conclusion from the evidence is that natural selection serves to preserve species, not alter them into something else. There are also some historical inaccuracies, including one which tells much more about the mindset of evolutionists than about history. When examined carefully, The Beak of the Finch shows how fragile and illogical the dogma of Darwinian evolution is. Since this book won a prestigious prize, it must have been considered one of the better works on the subject. If this is as good as can be done for evolution, it will not be long before evolution goes the way of Aristotles geocentricism. The book at its root can only be taken seriously as an anti-evolutionist tract. SynopsisThe prize-winning book The Beak of the Finch purports to be a book about the observation of evolution in our time. The actual observations recorded in the book, however, demonstrate the absence of evolution among the finches of the Galapagos Islands and other species mentioned by the book such as the peppered and cotton moths, intestinal bacteria, guppies, and fruit flies. The book uses a number of self-contradictory statements which illustrate the shaky logical foundation of Darwinian evolution. The conclusion from the evidence is that natural selection serves to preserve species, not alter them into something else. There are also some historical inaccuracies, including one which tells much more about the mindset of evolutionists than about history. When examined carefully, The Beak of the Finch shows how fragile and illogical the dogma of Darwinian evolution is. Notes1 There is a potential problem of logic worth invest igating in Darwins application of Lyells uniformitarianism. The principle of uniformitarianism is that geologically things continue in a gradual manner without any significant change. Significant changes would suggest diluvialism or catastrophism. To Darwin this meant simply that the earth was quite old. But Lyell believed that he was being consistent in applying uniformitarianism to the organic as well as inorganic world by saying that species do not change. Such a change would be more akin to catastrophism. See McKinney, 1972, 33 and 34. 2 This problem was recently illustrated in an article in American Scientist: There are, arguably, arguably some two to ten million species on Earth. The fossil record shows that most species survive between three and five million years. In that case, we ought to be seeing small but significant numbers of originations and extinctions every decade. .u8dee2dbf66241c5147fd8b33cb2996f9 , .u8dee2dbf66241c5147fd8b33cb2996f9 .postImageUrl , .u8dee2dbf66241c5147fd8b33cb2996f9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8dee2dbf66241c5147fd8b33cb2996f9 , .u8dee2dbf66241c5147fd8b33cb2996f9:hover , .u8dee2dbf66241c5147fd8b33cb2996f9:visited , .u8dee2dbf66241c5147fd8b33cb2996f9:active { border:0!important; } .u8dee2dbf66241c5147fd8b33cb2996f9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8dee2dbf66241c5147fd8b33cb2996f9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8dee2dbf66241c5147fd8b33cb2996f9:active , .u8dee2dbf66241c5147fd8b33cb2996f9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8dee2dbf66241c5147fd8b33cb2996f9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8dee2dbf66241c5147fd8b33cb2996f9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8dee2dbf66241c5147fd8b33cb2996f9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8dee2dbf66241c5147fd8b33cb2996f9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8dee2dbf66241c5147fd8b33cb2996f9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8dee2dbf66241c5147fd8b33cb2996f9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8dee2dbf66241c5147fd8b33cb2996f9 .u8dee2dbf66241c5147fd8b33cb2996f9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8dee2dbf66241c5147fd8b33cb2996f9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The role of Antonio in Shakespeare's Tempest EssayKeith Stewart Thompson, Natural Selection and Evolutions Smoking Gun, American Scientist, Nov./Dec. 1997: 516. 3 A summary of the Dublin article is found in Brackman, 1980, 74 , 75. Quotation is from page 75. Interestingly, Darwin mentions this article in his Autobiography. He does not speak of the logic of the article or that it caused him to reflect or reconsider but simply that if he were to persuade anyone, the issue was one of propagation rather than of truth or logic. This shows, he said of it, how necessary it is that any new view should be explained at considerable length in order to arouse public attention. Darwin, 1958, 122. It appears that The Beak of the Finch tried to employ the same method, that is, repeat the idea at considerable length so that people will begin to believe it, regardless of the logic or interpretation of the evidence. 4 In this article T. H. Morgan says, Selection, then, has not produced anything new, but only more of certain kinds of individuals. Evolution, however, means producing new things, not more of what already exists. (Bethell, 1976, 74) This is actual ly the underlying message of The Beak of the Finch, too. 5This assessment was my own from reading the autobiographies of Lyell, Darwin, and Wallace. There is no suggestion of any unscrupulous action on the part of Darwin, and he appeared to behave in a scrupulous manner, though consistent with his beliefs. (For example, he refused to allow Karl Marx dedicate Das Kapital to him. He was an opponent to slavery, and though he was no longer a Christian, he gave money to a Christian missionary group whose activities he approved of.)Having said all that, nowadays, others are not quite so charitable in describing Darwins behavior towards Wallace. See, for example, Peter Quammen, The Song of the Dodo: Island Biogeography in an Age of Extinctions, (New York: Scribner, 1996) 111ff. He details the work of a number of researchers which suggest Darwin plagiarized Wallace. Quammen writes, Darwin had behaved weakly and selfishly at best. (113)Quammens book is also interesting in that, while it give s lip service to evolution, it emphasizes extinction, not adaptation. The biogeographic model that this book effectively presents is one of migration of species followed by isolationthe question of evolution is irrelevant. As he puts it, Speciation could be disregarded. (414) 6 This passage continues in a similar vein enumerating the attributes of God:The true God is a living, intelligent, and powerful Being; and from his other perfections, that he is supreme or most perfect. He is eternal and infinite, omnipotent and omniscient; that is, his duration reaches from eternity to eternity; his presence from infinity to infinity; he governs all things, and knows all things that are or can be done. (Newton, 1687, 370)This God hardly sounds like an irrelevant character! A physics professor from California State University at Long Beach testified in a court case that Newton would not be recognized as a credible scientist if he persisted in maintaining a creationist position as he did in Mat hematica Principia. (Vardiman, 1997) Who is having the appearance of a closed mind? 7The more I think about this, the more I am baffled. Even a cursory check of a high school European or American History text shows how important religion was in those three centuries or so. Even those who were opposed to religion (e.g., Voltaire) were very conscious of it and spent a lot of time and energy refuting itand not because of any supposed scientific evidence. That really came with Huxley. I begin to wonder that the author, the publisher, many reviewers, and the Pulitzer committee can all be so ignorant of history. Is it deliberate? Are they all stupid or careless, or are they conscious that they are misinforming us? If they are honest and intelligent, then they must be anti-evolutionists trying to show how shaky the theorys foundation is. 8 Luthers strong words against Aristotelianism can be found in Martin Luther, To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation, 1520, in Three Treatises, Ph iladelphia: Fortress, 1970, 92ff. (Proposition 25). Note 186 on page 92 of this particular edition notes that Roger Bacon and Erasmus also criticized the emphasis on Aristotle in medieval education. Roger Bacon is usually credited with being the developer of the scientific method in the fourteenth century. A Franciscan monk, he spent between two and ten years in prison for heresy. The record is sketchy, but likely this was because of his non-Aristotelian and non-scholastic views. Though he remained a Catholic, Erasmus, a contemporary and sometime friend of Luther, called for reforms similar to Luthers including more use of the Bible in the church. BibliographyLinks may be subject to change, especially links to articles. Links from longer works are as close as possible to relevant material or quotations. Some on-line sources are different editions or translations from those used in this text so the wording may vary. Some on-line articles may be condensed. Aristotle. c. 350. Meteorolo gy. Trans. E. Webster. The Internet Classics Archive. 1997. http://classics.mit.edu/Aristotle/.22.iipart8.html (29 Dec. 1997). Bergman, Jerry. 1995. The Galileo Affair Continues. Contra Mundum. 1997. http://www.wavefront.com/~contra_m/cm/features/cm15_galileo.html (28 Dec. 1997). Bethell, Tom. 1976. Darwins Mistake. Harpers, Feb. 1976: 70-75. Brackman, Arnold C. 1980. A Delicate Arrangement: The Strange Case of Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace. New York: Times Books. Darwin, Charles. 1958. The Autobiography of Charles Darwin. Rpt.; New York:W. W. Norton and Co., 1969. The date is not a mistake. Darwins heirs did not release his memoirs until 1958. _______. 1859. The Origin of Species. 1997. http://www.literature.org/Works/Charles-Darwin/origin/ (28 Dec. 1997). Diamond, Jared. 1993. Who Are the Jews? Natural History, Nov. 1993: 12-19. Drake, Stillman. 1996. Galileo. Microsoft Encarta, 1996 ed. CD-ROM. Gillispie, Charles Coulston. 1960. The Edge of Objectivity. Princeton NJ:Pr inceton Univ. Press. Gould, Stephen Jay. 1993. The First Unmasking of Nature. Natural History: April 1993: 14, 16-21. Halle, Louis J. 1970. The Storm Petrel and the Owl of Athena. Princeton NJ:Princeton Univ. Press. Loomis, Louis Ropes. 1943. Introduction. Aristotle. On Man in the Universe. New York: Walter J. Black. Luther, Martin. 1520. To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation. Trans. Charles M. Jacobs and James Atkinson, 1966. Three Treatises. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1970. See also http://iclnet.org/pub/resources/text/wittenberg/luther/web/nblty-07.html. Majerus, M. E. N. 1998. Melanism: Evolution in Action. New York: Oxford Univ. Press. McKinney, H. Lewis. 1972. Wallace and Natural Selection. New Haven CT:Yale Univ. Press. Morrison, Douglas R. O. 1997. Bad Science, Bad Education. Scientific American, Nov. 1997: 114-118. See also http://www.sciam.com/1197issue/1197review1.html. Newton, Sir Isaac. 1687. Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. Trans. Andrew Motte and Florian Cajori, 1939. Great Books of the Western World. Ed. Robert Maynard Hutchins. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, 1952. Quammen, Peter. The Song of the Dodo: Island Biogeography in an Age of Extinctions. New York: Scribner, 1996. The 1995 Pulitzer Prizes, General Nonfiction: Jurors. 1997. The Pulitzer Prizes. http://www.pulitzer.org/year/1995/general-non-fiction/jury/ (28 Dec. 1997). Ruse, Michael. 1979. The Darwinian Revolution. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago Press. Shakespeare, William. c. 1598. A Midsummer Nights Dream. Ed. Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. New York: Washington Square Press, 1993. See also http://quarles.unbc.edu/midsummer/amnd5-1.html. Thoreau, Henry David. 1854. Walden and Other Writings. Ed. Joseph WoodKrutch. New York: Bantam, 1962. See also http://dev.library.utoronto.ca/utel/nonfiction/thoreauh_wald/wald_ch1.html for malaria reference and http://dev.library.utoronto.ca/utel/nonfiction/thoreauh_wald/wald_ch17.html for chapter with references to spontaneous generation. Trachtman, Paul. Book Reviews. Smithsonian, Aug. 1998: 118-121. See also http://www.smithsonianmag.si.edu/smithsonian/issues98/aug98/bookreview_aug98.html#one Vardiman, Larry. 1997. Newtons Approach to Science. Impact, 296: i-iv. See also http://www.icr.org/research/lv/lv-r03.htm. Wong, Kate. 1998. Ancestral Quandary. Scientific American, Jan. 1998: 30, 32. See also http://www.sciam.com/1998/0198issue/0198scicit3.html.

Masculinity in Their Eyes Were Watching God Research Paper Example

Masculinity in Their Eyes Were Watching God Research Paper Example Masculinity in Their Eyes Were Watching God Paper Masculinity in Their Eyes Were Watching God Paper Essay Topic: Their Eyes Were Watching God Jeanie changed from paying her mutual respect to complaining her as an irresponsible woman who cant do the chores properly. Then I will summarize the comments on Joeys character. Joeys social status is a middle class. Most middle classes spend a lot of time on their profession. However, ones Job is not his whole life. It is a trap that makes people think that work and salary mechanism is priority above all things. Somehow when people fall into this trap, they adjust their temperament and character to suit the environment. Joeys overall character seems to be absorbed Into he order of hills former workplace. He Is a person who finds his existential worth through working under a presumed order. This can be seen through his role in Detonative. The novels introduction of Joe starts with him as a stranger walking down the road. He was a citified, stylish dressed man with his hat set at an angle. (27) He talked friendly to Jeanie and told Jeanie that he had been working for white folks a long time yet saved a lot of money. Joeys ideological investment, unlike Lagans, has nothing to do with a work ethic or turning Jeanie Into a mule; Instead, Joeys stresses intro_(McGowan 113) Jeanie Is attracted by promising fact that Joe would not, like Logan, treat her as labor source. By this she was satisfied enough. The novel then quickly focuses on Joeys achievements as mayor: the establishment of the grocery store, the mail service, the electric lamp and the purchase of Mats mule. Joeys progressive intentions have the quality of invest and speculation. His real aim is to have a big voice. (46) The grocery store and the mall service had earned the economic respect of the townsfolk The parlor was never empty of amusement and hatter. The electric lamp had made him a figure of enlightenment. The purchase of Mats mule gave him a reputation of liberator of labor. These events had made Joe an outstanding figure among the black township. He had earned his big voice. But along came another aspect of his identity: He mad e himself a God by his sole purpose. The townspeople sought to watch him in admiring eyes, hence the title their eyes were watching God. Joe plays God as though nothing can stand In his way, but It has drawbacks. This notion of Identity, or this feeling of empowerment dad him think that it is necessary to stay progressive so long as people continue to believe him as a God. He has to be a fool himself to believe this, but the momentum had kicked off, and without an equalizer it is very hard to stop it. To this point, Joe has become an example of monopoly capitalism. (McGowan 112) By now his sense of superiority had bypassed his sentimentality on the folks around him. He is actually In the risk of being an Ignorant of his townsfolk, even with his beloved Jeanie. Even In old age, en still sees enamels as an autocrat AT Jeanie. Joe cant change Nils animalcules sense and clings on his past achievements. Joeys love towards Jeanie never had grown beyond a fancy doll. Although Jeanie had warned him about his work being a strain(46) on their relationship, he still insists on his prospects on Jeanie as first lady. He trades these good fortunes for Genies loyalty. It was clear for Jeanie, being sensitive about the future, that she will have to take up her burden in Joeys world: a feeling of coldness and fear took hold of her. She felt far away from things and lonely. (46) In the end, the relationship of Joe and Jeanie sees the impotency of fighting over trivial matters. This takes on with nailing the bill (70), Genies old appearance (77) and finally, cutting the tobacco. (78) In the last scene, Joe sees that Jeanie is getting old, and her sexual appeal is not that of her younger ages. There was still a hint of sex when Joe was Joking about her age. Joe could be thinking about having sex with her, but due to his heavy stress on work and progress, he does not know how to do so. To summarize, from his glamorous appearance, Joeys successful elopement with Jeanie roves that Joeys middle class values offer him higher level of social attractiveness than farmers like Logan. Joeys entrance into power was portrayed as a promoter of material livelihood, an enlightenment figure and a mule liberator. From the series of successful acts Joe sees himself as a God that has his own programs to impose on the townsfolk. He, a strong willed and focused person, took hold of power until his death. His marriage was not an ideal one. He likes a stable marriage where the role of his spouse is fixed, never changing.

Sufficient funding to Hawaii University Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sufficient funding to Hawaii University - Essay Example The institutions will encourage their students to participate into such activities in order to nurture the youth’s talents, exploit the available positions in the organization and to encourage the students to utilize their talents, and use it as a source of revenue generation (Benjamin 34). Proper funding to the Hawaii University will ensure the institution builds the required educational facilities such as workshops, the up-to-date reading room and other required facilities to perform research and practical’s. Because of this, the scholars and the personnel of the Hawaii University will be able to carry out their ideas on innovation due to the availability of the required resources to sponsor and make the dreams a reality (Stanton 33). Innovations from the students will act as a major boost to the economy of the country as the students will be able to invest their ideas thus creating employment and generate revenues to the government through the payment of taxes. Labor atories will also enable the practitioners to perform practical’s which intern may help them come up with solutions to long-term problems that have prevailed in the country. The students will also be able to come up with medical problems because of enough fund to cater for the research expenses and availability of required facilities (Jeff 12). Sports do play a healthy role in the development of the youths in the improvement of the academic achievements, their higher esteem increases and they face few behavioral problems. Students mainly are known to focus on sports  to improve their competence, assurance, their character and acquaintances and finally for considerate.  

Christianity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Christianity - Essay Example As Christians, we have the conceptual image of how Christ’s sufferings were like and I believe that before the movie The Passion of the Christ we did not fully conceive or imagine how truly terrible His pain and suffering was. Acknowledging this fact does not damage the image of Jesus Christ at all, it only makes it more powerful and we come to appreciate more and to understand more the ampleness of His sacrifice. At the same time, some argue that the movie is not entirely biblically accurate and that this could damage to the real version of the way we are supposed to perceive Christ’s crucifixion. In my opinion, the movie is generally biblically accurate, presenting the main events starting with the capture, trial and continuing with the punishments and the crucifixion of Christ. After all, the movie reflects the director’s idea over Christ’s crucifixion and does not pretend to be a general truth.

Negligence in Midwifery

Negligence in Midwifery Christine Borg After a spontaneous vaginal delivery a woman suffered a severe haemorrhage leading to hypovolaeima and severe adult respiratory distress. She was admitted to an Intensive Care Unit but had recurrent bleeding, than collapsed. After resuscitation in theatre, a substantial piece of placental tissue was removed under general anaesthesia. Upon routine checking the staff midwife was initially doubtful about the placenta, but then she documented that the placenta was complete. Discuss. Introduction A practising registered midwife is an accountable person who ensures that health and safety laws are implemented in her care provided (Dimond, 2002 pg.312). The registered midwife puts into priority the safety of the mother and her baby. The competent midwife is knowledgeable, understanding, skilled, and accountable. Unfortunately any behaviour that the research based professional carries out or fails to carry out, that result in harm to the mother or the child will have legal implications (Dimond, 2002). Postpartum haemorrhage Uncontrolled bleeding of more than 500mls from the women’s genital tract, at any time following delivery to 12 weeks postpartum is described as postpartum haemorrhage (Williams, 2011 pg.113). Blood lost can be either evident or concealed, resulting in shock (Tiran, 2012). Postpartum haemorrhage is the most common cause of maternal death occurring worldwide (Fraser Cooper, 2009). Optimum management of the third and fourth stage of labour is a matter of great concern towards preserving maternal health. Postpartum haemorrhage is most often a case of inappropriate management of the third stage of labour, along with an unprofessional inspection of the placenta (Fraser Cooper, 2009). Examination of the placenta Inspection of the placenta is a practical examination done in the labouring room by a fully qualified midwife. This exam includes the assessment of both the fetal and maternal membranes. Evaluation of the placenta is part of the duty of care of the midwife in the first hour following birth. On the delivery of the placenta, either by expectant or active management of the third stage, the midwife holds up the placenta from the umbilical cord with the fetal surfaces being examined first. The membranes are examined for integrity, completeness and any present abnormalities. Membranes; the amnion and the chorion should be made sure to be present and complete (De Kock, 2004). This assessment is usually done in the presence of the mother. The maternal surface is examined for completeness, so as to make sure that no cotyledons have been left inside the uterus. If a cotyledon is found to be missing, or if the midwife is uncertain with regards to placental findings, help from other health professionals should be sought and the placenta kept for further examination. Of utmost importance is to include the mother in the examination, describing reasons for the examination procedure, while explaining the possible risks of an incomplete placenta (De Kock, 2004). Women’s right for information The mother has the right to be informed of both the normal and abnormal findings. Communication is a necessary tool in midwifery. While being close to the woman, the midwife should have explained the situation and kept the mother calm, while talking her through the necessary procedures that were to take place (ICM, 2011) The midwife The title ‘midwife’ can only be used by the ’’person who has successfully completed a midwifery educational programme, that is duly recognized in the country where it is located and that is based on the ICM Essential Competencies for Basic Midwifery Practice and the framework of ICM Global Standards for Midwifery Education : who has acquired the requisite qualifications to be registered and/or legally licensed to practice midwifery and use the title ‘midwife’; and who demonstrates competency in the practice of midwifery’’ (Midwives code of practice, 2005). The core competencies of the midwife The midwife is fit to practise if she has the necessary knowledge and skills, has a good professional behaviour, character and a good health status, meeting the standards and competencies required (ICM, 2011). Competencies are set up as a guide for midwives to fulfil their profession. The guidelines provided by the code of practise in midwifery, aims to put in priority the safety of the mother and the child. The competencies of the expert of normality include her ability to work with the women and provide constant care and support. Being competent means, that a high quality care and a cultural sensitive assistance is given to the mother during birth. Such event is the monitoring of the fetal and maternal wellbeing and providing the assistance towards performing a safe birth. The midwife must be aware of the possible risks occurring during labour being able to observe, recognize and act when warning signs present (ICM, 2011). Being competent and accountable- the case scenario The skills and abilities allow the midwife to inspect the placenta for integrity and completeness, however, in such a case as described above, having a midwife not sure of herself, referral to other health care professionals should have been considered while assisting the latter if possible. Having the mother notified of the findings and given consent with relation to the procedures that needed to take place, appropriate analgesia should have been administered. Once the doctor confirms that a part of the placenta is missing, a vaginal exam followed by an examination of the uterus under sterile conditions is usually performed. Should the midwife acted as a responsible professional, she must have been in control to take the necessary urgent measures if help from other health professionals was not accessible, keeping in mind the risk against the benefits. In such a case the priority of the midwife should have been managing postpartum bleeding so as to avoid the incidence of haemorrhage (ICM, 2011). The skills and abilities of the midwife allow her to perform a fundal massage in order to stimulate a contraction and help any remaining clots left in the uterine or vaginal cavity to be delivered (De Kock, 2004). Of utmost importance in the delivering the appropriate care, was the monitoring and estimation of the maternal blood loss. Oxytocic drugs should have been administered while regularly assessing vital signs of the mother, in addition to the recording of concise and accurate data of the events (ICM, 2011). In such a case were haemorrhage occurred, lifesaving drugs could have been administered to the woman in order for shock and respiratory distress to be avoided. The midwife shall have the skill to identify shock and be able to manage it. An intravenous line should have been inserted in such case and while administering the appropriate fluids and drugs, drawing of blood for laboratory testing could have been made possible. The woman with serious complication needed to be transferred to a higher level of care so as for emergency care to be given as required. In extreme cases the midwife must be able to perform cardio pulmonary resuscitation (De Kock, 2004). Furthermore, following such care, the midwife must have given great importance to the postnatal period of the woman. Observations of the woman’s progress and monitoring of the vital signs should have taken place (ICM, 2011). Record Keeping- A professional tool Accurate documentation of the process of labour and birth is a responsible role of the midwife. Appropriate written information about the progress of labour and the on-going care provided during this experience, gives out relative information about the mother and the fetal well-being during the birth events. The midwife must ensure that all the records are filled appropriately before transferring the woman to the future health care professionals (De Kock, 2004). The purpose of documentation is to provide a written evidence of events as they take place (Dimond, 2002). Appropriate written communication in the event of labour shall be factual, well dictated, concise, consistent, accurate, clear, legible, relevant and signed. Writing shall include detailed information of the care provided, the plan, actions, observations and the events occurring during labour (Dimond, 2002) All the information being documented is to be written as a contemporaneous manner of events. Documenting childbirth is a description of the birthing process. Relative information shall include data of the estimated blood loss during labour, the findings from the placenta examination as well as the results of the mother’s vital signs, whenever taken during the mother’s stay. Assessment of the perineum and vagina along with identification of necessary repairs, type and quantity of sutures required should also be noted (Dimond, 2002). The midwife must preserve all information recorded. Keeping all the records provides guidance to the health professional (Dimond, 2002). Documentation is a tool in the experts practise and it shall be considered as an essential part of care and not as additional to the care offered (Dimond, 2002) When writing out records one is to eliminate abbreviations and write in a manner that is easily understood by others. Records shall be clear so as to serve as a tool to facilitate an investigation. If any mistake is present in the recording of information, this should be corrected by cutting out neatly the mistake, while making sure that a signature and a date is presented. All information recorded by students is to be seen and signed by the midwife assigned. Information is to be written in a consecutive manner, having problems arising during the birth identified, and the actions and plans noted (Dimond, 2002). Regular training on documentation shall be proposed especially in situations where pressure is present especially at the time of the delivery where time is limited and record keeping is given a low priority. Written information shall reflect a clear evidence of the care being constantly provided to the mother and the baby (Dimond, 2002) ‘’A record becomes a legal document whenever it is required as an evidence of events occurred and is relevant in a court of law’’ (Dimond, 2002). Tools of documentation are necessary in the court of law, as although they are not always a proof of truth; records are an instrument of evidence and are tool for criticism by the judge. All written records are to be accurately dated timed, and signed. Negligence ‘Negligence may be best defined as actionable harm where a patient claims compensation caused by the carelessness of a midwife in breach of their duty of care’’ (Griffith, 2008). Negligence is the failure to take care of someone or something. This is the most brought up action in health services for compensation (Dimond, 2002 pg.182). Compensation can only be given when the midwife infracted the law in her duty of care, when harm has been recognised, or in the presence of a negative result that had been led to by the disrupted duty of care. The midwife has the responsibility of the duty of care towards all her clients. The duty of care involves: caring safely for the women and family, being able to communicate effectively, sharing evidence based information, giving advice, notifying the women of risks and acting in a way to promote health (Dimond, 2002 pg.184). The duty of care does not only relate to the care and treatment, but includes also the act of recording factual information and storing records. Duty of care involves all actions and activities that ensure safety. The midwife must aim to avoid acts that put the person at risk of harm. The person described is one who is directly affected by the midwife act. The aim is to have a positive effect on the mother, new-born, family and the overall experience (Dimond, 2002 pg.185). When a midwife is found guilty of putting the mother close to death a custodial sentence is most likely to be received by midwife (Griffith, 2010). Legislation of care This case scenario is a typical example of a dispute in the legal duty of care. In this case the midwife must have first understood the present standards of care (Dimond, 2002). The midwife described here has failed to understand and follow the protocols, guidelines and procedures drawn up nationally and locally. The midwife has also failed to understand the importance of accurate record keeping. The midwife is challenged on her inappropriate actions. Her records, if written precisely can also aid in defending her actions (Griffith, 2010). As a general rule, midwives who are not certain about the changing and revised standards of care, being practised in the area, are to make sure that all necessary information is gathered, understood and followed, so as to enhance safety in the care given to the mother and the family (Griffith, 2008). All midwives are responsible to obey to all policies. Trained and competent midwives are trusted and the element of trust in a qualified midwife reflects her level of competencies (Dimond, 2002). The government aims to increase the standard of the registered professionals and makes sure that all practioners listed on the registration list are safe and protective towards the public. Legislation aims to protect the mothers from dangerous professional staff. When a professional staff identifies that she has made a mistake, she shall not be complacent. It is the role of the midwife to communicate effectively with the woman and give all the acknowledgment, explanations and apologies, so as to act in the best way to correct her behaviour towards safeguarding the women and her family (Dimond, 2002 pg. 220). Although health professionals are to be knowledgeable and assertive, being over confident with their behaviour might put the mother and child at risk. With regard to this case scenario, having the midwife not seeking help from other professionals signifies, that her over confidence has led her to reduce the quality of care provided. Furthermore, a competent midwife would not only make sure that the placenta is examined correctly, but would also ensure that the placenta is examined in the presence of the mother, having findings continuously being communicated and explained. Any competent assessment of the risk would have to take in account the post birth vital signs of the women. The midwife’s failure to document correctly, take action and evaluate the mother’s vital signs was a direct cause towards the deterioration of the mother (Dimond, 2002). Conclusion The professional care provided by the midwife should be based on research and be within the law. As the claims for compensation continue to rise, the need for midwives to understand and reflect on the cases of negligence is important; so as to minimize the risk of negligence and increase the levels of standards of care (Dimond, 2002 pg.226). It is the midwives’ duty to understand the elements of negligence and take care of their actions and behaviours. A holistic approach of care provided by the midwife includes ’’leadership; clinical knowledge and skills; documentation; guideline development; risk management and debrief; audit; and education’’ (De Kock, 2004). 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